It refers to the generation and transformation of electricity for the consumer's own use. Generally, electricity is supplied nationwide by 10 electric power companies (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Tokyo, Chubu, Hokuriku, Kansai, Chugoku, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa electric power companies) at a fixed rate depending on the type of use. However, some factories that consume a lot of electricity and can generate electricity using waste heat, or urban facilities that supply electricity and heat as part of a heat utilization including regional centralized air conditioning, may install their own power generation and transformation facilities to generate and consume electricity using city gas as fuel to ensure low-cost and stable electricity. This type of power generation and transformation is called self-generation. Examples of self-generation facilities include thermal power generation, gas turbine power generation, and diesel power generation. In addition to the above, self-generation also includes generating electricity independently in remote areas and remote islands, and back-up power generation in buildings and factories when the supply from the electric power company is cut off. Important facilities that cannot tolerate momentary power outages (momentary voltage drops = instantaneous drops) use back-up power sources generated by self-generation as a countermeasure against power outages. [Tsutomu Michigami and Ryuichi Shimada] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
電力を消費する者が自己の使用を目的として発・変電することをいう。一般に電力は、全国に10の電気事業者(北海道、東北、東京、中部、北陸、関西、中国、四国、九州、沖縄の各電力会社)から、利用形態に応じて、それぞれ一定の料金で供給されている。しかし、電力の消費が大きく、廃熱を利用して発電が可能な一部の工場、または地域集中の冷房も含む熱利用の一環で電気と熱を併給する都市施設では、都市ガスなどを燃料に、コストが低く安定した電力を確保するため、独自の発・変電設備を設けて発電し、消費する場合がある。このような発・変電を自家発電とよぶ。自家発電設備としては、汽力発電、ガスタービン発電、ディーゼル発電などがある。以上のほか、辺地や離島などで独自に発電して電力を供給することや、ビルディングや工場などで電気事業者からの供給が絶たれたときの予備発電なども自家発電に含まれる。瞬時の停電(瞬時電圧低下=瞬低)を許さない重要施設では、自家発電による予備電源を常用して停電対策としている。 [道上 勉・嶋田隆一] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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