First Year of the Kakitsu Era

... In the Muromachi period, frequent peasant uprisings after the Shōchō (1428-29) demanded the issuance of Tokuseirei (decrees of amnesty) by the shogunate, and so frequent that it is said that there were as many as 13 such decrees during the reign of Shogun Yoshimasa. For example, the Kakitsu 1st Year Rei (1441), which was the first Muromachi decree of amnesty and served as a model for the later ones, excluded from the scope of the decree the permanent land sales that were annulled due to the fierce opposition of the temple monks, as well as the claims of temples and shrines that were Buddhist or sacred property, but applied to the return of honsen, indenture sales, borrowed money, and pawned land. There is also a theory that unpaid taxes by farmers were treated in the same way as borrowed money. ...

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the Kakitsu Gannenrei is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　室町時代に入ると，正長(1428‐29)以後たびたびの土一揆（つちいつき）が幕府徳政令の発布を要求したこともあって，将軍義政の時代に13回も数えられるといわれるほど，頻々と徳政令が発布された。室町徳政令の嚆矢であり，以後のモデルとなった嘉吉元年令(1441)を例にすると，山門の猛反対で取り消された永代売買地のほか，仏物･神物たる寺社の債権も対象から除外されたのに対し，本銭返し，年季売，借銭，質券地などに徳政を適用した。また農民の未進年貢も借銭と同様に扱われたとみる説も行われている。…

※「嘉吉元年令」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報