Aqua regia (English spelling)

Japanese: 王水 - おうすい(英語表記)aqua regia
Aqua regia (English spelling)

A common name for a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid. It is so named because it dissolves precious metals such as gold and platinum, which do not dissolve in any ordinary acid. It is usually a mixture of 1 volume of concentrated nitric acid and 3 volumes of concentrated hydrochloric acid, but when it is necessary to heat the sample, it may be diluted twice as much from the beginning and used, which is called dilute aqua regia. A mixture of 3 volumes of concentrated nitric acid and 1 volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid with the reversed composition is called reverse aqua regia, and is used, for example, to oxidize and dissolve the sulfur in pyrite to turn it into sulfate ions.

The oxidizing action of aqua regia is believed to be due to the reactivity of nascent chlorine with nitrosyl chloride, which shifts the equilibrium of the following reaction to the right:


Generally, when a metal is dissolved in aqua regia, the metal ion shows its highest valence. For example,

It seems like.

[Nakahara Katsunori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

濃硝酸と濃塩酸との混合物の通称。普通のどんな酸にも溶けない金や白金のような貴金属をも溶かすのでこの名がある。普通は濃硝酸1容と濃塩酸3容を混合したものであるが、試料を熱するなどの必要がある場合には初めから2倍に薄めて使うこともあり、これを希王水という。また組成を逆にした濃硝酸3容と濃塩酸1容の混合物を逆王水とよび、たとえば黄鉄鉱中の硫黄(いおう)を酸化溶解して硫酸イオンにする場合などに用いられる。

 王水の酸化作用は次の反応の平衡が右へ行くことによって生ずる発生期の塩素と塩化ニトロシルの反応性によるものであるとされている。


一般に王水で処理して溶かすと金属イオンはその金属の最高原子価を示すのであって、たとえば、

のようである。

[中原勝儼]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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