Teruyoshi Yoshito - Teruoka Gito

An occupational physiologist of the Taisho and Showa periods. Founder of occupational science. Born in Hyogo Prefecture. Graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at Tokyo Imperial University in 1917 (Taisho 6), he engaged in research in the physiology department. In 1918, at the request of the Ministry of Home Affairs, he became a consultant for the Metropolitan Police Department, staying overnight in the poor areas of Yokokawa-cho, Honjo Ward, Tokyo, and Toyosumi-cho, Fukagawa Ward, to conduct social hygiene research on poverty. Through this research, he became acquainted with Takano Iwasaburo, a professor at the Faculty of Economics of Tokyo Imperial University, who was conducting a survey of workers in Tsukishima, Kyobashi Ward. In 1919, Ohara Magosaburo, president of Kurashiki Spinning Co., Ltd., founded the Ohara Institute of Social Problems in Osaka to scientifically resolve social and labor problems. Takano Iwasaburo was appointed director, and Teruyoshi joined the institute to be in charge of the social hygiene department. However, in 1921, Ohara established the Kurashiki Institute of Science of Labor, which had medical and psychology departments, within the Kurabo Manju Factory, and Terunobu became its director. He conducted research into health and fatigue issues not only in industrial but also in agricultural labor. In 1929 (Showa 4), he founded the Industrial Hygiene Council (now the Japan Society for Occupational Health), and in 1937 the institute moved to Tokyo, and during World War II it was merged into the Greater Japan Industrial Patriotic Association, of which he served as director. After the war, he was banned from holding public office. In 1953 (Showa 28), he founded the first Asian Congress of Occupational Health and held the conference.

[Toyohiko Miura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

大正・昭和期の労働生理学者。労働科学の創始者。兵庫県生まれ。1917年（大正6）東京帝国大学医学部を卒業、生理学教室で研究に従事。1918年内務省の求めで警視庁の嘱託となり、東京市本所(ほんじょ)区横川町、深川区豊住町の細民街に泊まり込んで貧困に関する社会衛生学的研究を行う。この調査を通じて、京橋区月島で労働者の調査をしていた東京帝国大学経済学部教授の高野岩三郎らと知り合う。1919年、倉敷紡績社長大原孫三郎(おおはらまごさぶろう)は、社会問題、労働問題の科学的解決のために、大阪に大原社会問題研究所を創立、高野岩三郎が所長に就任、暉峻は社会衛生部門を担当するため入所した。しかし1921年に大原が倉紡万寿(ます)工場内に医学と心理学部門をもつ倉敷労働科学研究所を設立、暉峻はその所長となった。工業だけでなく、農業労働も含めて健康問題、疲労問題の研究を行った。1929年（昭和4）に産業衛生協議会（現、日本産業衛生学会）を創立、1937年に研究所は東京に移り、第二次世界大戦下には大日本産業報国会に合併され、その所長を務めた。戦後、公職追放となる。1953年（昭和28）に第1回アジア労働衛生会議を創設し、会議を開催した。

［三浦豊彦］

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