Kipling, (Joseph) Rudyard

Japanese: キップリング（英語表記）Kipling， (Joseph) Rudyard

Born: December 30, 1865 in Bombay
[Died] January 18, 1936. London. British novelist and poet. Born in India and educated in England, he returned to India and devoted himself to journalism, becoming famous for his short stories on the themes of India, the sea, the jungle, and the military. One of his early works was Plain Tales from the Hills (1888). He returned to England in 1889. His works include The Jungle Book (94), the story of Mowgli, a boy who is raised by wolves and learns the laws of the jungle while interacting with various wild animals, and Kim (1901), the story of a boy who follows a lama on the road and is picked up by the military and becomes a spy. These are world-famous children's stories. His poetry, which sang of the lives of soldiers and sailors, was extremely popular at the time, and the sales of his Barrack-Room Ballads, published in 1992, are said to have surpassed those of Byron, and when Tennyson died as Poet Laureate in the same year, the public unanimously recommended Kipling as his successor. He continued to write many stories after that and maintained his popularity, but this was due to the exotic atmosphere of the Indian scenery and the imperialistic trends of the time. It can also be said that he was forgotten after World War I due to changing trends of the times. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1907.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1865.12.30. ボンベイ
[没]1936.1.18. ロンドン
イギリスの小説家，詩人。インドで生れイギリス本土で教育を受けたあと，インドに戻り，ジャーナリズムに身を投じ，インド，海洋，ジャングル，軍隊などを題材とする短編小説によって名をあげた。初期の『高原平話』 Plain Tales from the Hills (1888) はその一つ。 1889年本国に帰る。狼に育てられ，種々の野獣と交わりながらジャングルの掟を学ぶ少年モーグリの物語『ジャングル・ブック』 The Jungle Book (94) や，ラマ僧に従って放浪するうち軍隊に拾われ，密偵となって活躍する少年の物語『キム』 Kim (1901) などは，少年読物として世界的に名を知られている。兵士や水夫の生活を歌った彼の詩作は，当時きわめて人気があり，92年出版の『兵営の歌』 Barrack-Room Balladsの売行きは，かつてのバイロンをもしのぐといわれ，同年の桂冠詩人テニソン死去の際も，大衆の声は一致して後任にキップリングを推したといわれる。その後も多くの物語を書いて人気を維持したが，それを支えるものは，インドの風物の異国情緒と当時の帝国主義的な思潮であった。そして彼が第1次世界大戦以後忘れられるようになったのも，また時代思潮の変化によるものといえよう。 1907年ノーベル文学賞受賞。

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