doric order

…They placed special importance on columns among the architectural elements, and created a system similar to the Japanese Kiwarijutsu technique, in which the radius of the base of the column was taken as one unit and multiples of this were used to determine the height of the column, the spacing between columns, and other dimensions. There were three types of Greek columns: the massive Doric order, which is said to retain the form of the old wooden architecture era; the elegant Ionic order, which originated in Asia Minor; and the delicate and ornate Corinthian order, which appeared around the 5th century BCE. Each had its own distinctive capital and decorative details. Through various experiments, the Greeks established the dimensions and proportions that suited the characteristics of each of these, and by the 4th century BCE, it had become possible to conceive the shape of the entire temple almost automatically by simply determining the type of column, the diameter of the column, and the number of spacing between columns. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "doric order" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…彼らは建築の構成要素の中でも特に円柱を重視し，その柱身基部の半径を1単位とし，その倍数を用いて柱の高さや柱間寸法，その他各部の寸法を定めるという，ちょうど日本における木割術のような方式を創り出した。ギリシアの円柱形式には，古い木造建築時代の形をとどめるといわれる重厚なドリス式doric order，小アジア起源の優雅なイオニア式ionic order，前5世紀ころに現れた繊細華麗なコリント式corinthian orderの3種があり，それぞれに特徴的な柱頭(キャピタル)と装飾細部をもっていた。ギリシア人はこれらそれぞれの性格に見合った寸法比例を，さまざまな実験を経ながら定着させていき，前4世紀ころまでには，円柱の形式と柱径，それに柱間数を定めさえすれば，ほとんど自動的に神殿全体の形が構想できるほどになった。…

※「doric order」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報