It is an annual plant of the legume family (APG classification: Fabaceae). Native to India, it is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions to extract bast fiber from the stems. The stems grow 1-3 meters tall and become shrubs. The leaves are alternate, elongated and elliptical, 4-12 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, and have short petioles. The stems and leaves are densely covered with brown hairs. A spike of about 30 cm long is produced at the top of the stem, and 10-20 yellow butterfly-shaped flowers are produced. The fruit is an oblong legume containing about 10 curved seeds inside. It has been cultivated for a long time and there are many varieties. The stalks are harvested when the flowers begin to bloom, tied together and dried. They are then soaked in water for about a week, the fibers are peeled off, washed and dried. The fibers are shiny and strong, particularly when exposed to light, wind and rain, and are used as a substitute for hemp to make ropes, thread, bags, fishing nets, etc., and are also used as a raw material for making paper for cigarettes and other products. It is also cultivated as green manure. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika October 18, 2019] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
マメ科(APG分類:マメ科)の一年草。インド原産で、茎から靭皮(じんぴ)繊維をとるため、熱帯から亜熱帯で栽培される。茎は高さ1~3メートルで低木状になる。葉は互生し、細長い楕円(だえん)形で長さ4~12センチメートル、幅0.5~2センチメートル、葉柄は短い。茎葉には褐色の毛が密生する。茎頂に30センチメートルほどの穂状花序をつけ、黄色の蝶形花(ちょうけいか)を10~20個つける。果実は長楕円形の豆果で、中に曲がった形の種子が10個ほどある。 栽培は古く、多くの品種がある。花が開き始めたころ茎を収穫し、束ねて乾燥させる。その後1週間ほど水に浸し、繊維をはぎ取り、水洗して乾燥させる。繊維には光沢があり、強く、とくに光や風雨にさらされてもじょうぶで、アサの代用としてロープや糸、袋、漁網などをつくり、また紙巻きたばこ用などの製紙原料にもなる。緑肥としても栽培される。 [星川清親 2019年10月18日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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