Criollos

Japanese: criollos
Criollos

...Until the end of the 18th century, Cuba remained a small, economically unimportant colony, with a small population and a peasant community that produced livestock, tobacco, and sugar.
[After the Sugar Revolution]
However, at the end of the 18th century, a slave revolt broke out in the neighboring French colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti), destroying the island's thriving sugar industry, the United States gained independence and emerged as Cuba's trading partner, and the enlightened landowning class of criollos (indigenous Spaniards) in Cuba sought the liberalization of the import of black slaves and actively lobbied the Cuban government to allow them to own large amounts of land, which they succeeded in achieving. As a result, a large-scale slave sugar plantation industry, known as the "Sugar Revolution," began to develop at the end of the 18th century. The sugar industry further developed from the 1840s onwards with the introduction of railroads and steam engines, and by 1860 Cuba had already become the world's largest sugar producing region.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "criollos" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…その後18世紀末までキューバは人口も少なく,経済的にもさして重要性をもたぬ,牧畜とタバコ,砂糖を生産する小農的な社会の植民地にとどまっていた。
[砂糖革命以後]
 しかし18世紀の末,隣のフランス領サン・ドマング(ハイチ)で奴隷反乱が起こり,その島の繁栄していた砂糖産業が壊滅したことや,アメリカ合衆国が独立してキューバの貿易相手として登場したこと,さらにキューバの開明的なクリオーリョcriollos(土着化したスペイン人)の地主階級が黒人奴隷の輸入自由化を求め,大規模な土地所有が可能になるよう本国政府に積極的に働きかけ,それらを実現したことなどによって,18世紀末から〈砂糖革命〉と呼ばれる大規模な奴隷制砂糖プランテーション産業が勃興した。さらに1840年代以降には鉄道や蒸気機関を導入するなどして砂糖産業はますます発展し,60年には早くも世界最大の砂糖生産地となった。…

※「criollos」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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