An act that does not technically violate the prohibitions of mandatory laws, but actually realizes what is prohibited by those laws. For example, while it is prohibited to use pensions as collateral, there are many cases in the world where the collection of pensions is entrusted to a creditor with a non-cancellation clause. This is a contract in which the creditor is entrusted with the collection of pensions, and the delegation is not terminated until the principal and interest are fully repaid (non-cancellation clause), and is essentially a pension guarantee. There are many laws that explicitly prohibit illegal acts (for example, Article 9 of the Price Control Order), and if these provisions are violated, the violating part is invalid. However, even if there is no provision in the law, if the intent of the mandatory law provisions is such that the prohibitions of the law cannot be realized by other means, it will be invalid as an illegal act. For example, precedents have determined that pension guarantees are illegal acts and non-cancellation clauses are invalid (so that the return of the pension certificate can be demanded at any time). [Takahisa Awaji] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
形式的には強行法規の禁止規定に違反しないで、実質的にその禁止していることを実現する行為。たとえば、恩給は担保に入れることを禁止されているのに対して、世上しばしば不解除特約つき恩給取立ての委任が行われている。これは、債権者に恩給の取立てを委任して取立ての代理権を授与し、元利の完済に至るまで委任を解除しない(不解除特約)という契約であって、実質的には恩給担保である。法律のなかには脱法行為の禁止を明示するものが少なくなく(たとえば物価統制令9条など)、これらの規定に違反すると、違反部分は無効となる。しかし法律に規定がない場合でも、強行法規の規定の趣旨が、他の手段によってもその法規の禁止内容の実現を許さないとみるべき場合には、脱法行為として無効となる。たとえば、判例は、恩給担保を脱法行為とし、不解除特約を無効だとした(したがって恩給証書の返還をいつでも請求できる)。 [淡路剛久] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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