...The former is a guild-like organization of merchants who trade with their own capital and at their own risk, such as the 16th century merchant adventurers' company. The latter is a pioneering joint-stock company that combines the capital contributed by its members, trades as a permanent company, and distributes profits and losses. The oldest is the Russian Company (also called the Muscovy Company), which was granted a charter in 1555, and the most important is the British East India Company, which was founded in 1600 and had a trading post in Japan (Hirado) for a time. On the European continent, the Dutch East India Company (founded in 1602) and the French East India Company (founded in 1664) are well known. *Some of the terminology referenced in "Muscovy Co." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…前者は各自の資本と各自のリスクにおいて貿易を営む貿易商人のギルド的団体で,16世紀の冒険商人組合merchant adventureres companyがその一例である。後者はメンバーが拠出した資本を結合し,永続的な一企業として貿易を営み損益を分配する,いわば先駆的な株式会社であって,最も古いのは1555年に特許状を下付されたロシア会社(モスコー会社Muscovy Companyともいう)であり,最も重要であったのは1600年に設立され,一時,日本(平戸)にも商館をおいたイギリス東インド会社である。ヨーロッパ大陸ではオランダ東インド会社(1602設立),フランス東インド会社(1664設立)がよく知られている。… ※「Muscovy Co.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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