Japan-Soviet Fisheries Treaty

Japanese: 日ソ漁業条約 - にっソぎょぎょうじょうやく

A treaty concluded between Japan and the Soviet Union in May 1956. Its official name is the Treaty between Japan and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Fisheries in the High Seas of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The area covered was the entire waters of the Northwest Pacific Ocean (excluding territorial waters), including the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea. The Japan-Soviet Fisheries Committee met at least once a year to decide on cooperative control measures for salmon, trout, herring, crab, and other fish, in order to preserve and increase resources and maintain maximum sustainable productivity. Although these measures were to be applied equally to both Japan and the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union fished for salmon and trout in its territorial waters and rivers within its territory, while Japan fished in the high seas. In this treaty, which covered the high seas as the treaty area, Japan was in effect the only one to be subject to the control measures, and negotiations were difficult every year. The deadline was 10 years, after which the treaty could be unilaterally abolished with one year's notice. The Soviet Union, which adopted a 200-mile exclusive fishing zone, notified the Soviet Union in April 1977 that it would abolish the treaty. In its place, the Japan-Soviet Provisional Fisheries Agreement was concluded for the Soviet Union's 200-mile waters, and the Japan-Soviet Fisheries Cooperation Agreement for the high seas beyond that 200 miles.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1956年5月日ソ間で締結された条約。正式には「北西太平洋の公海における漁業に関する日本国とソビエト社会主義共和国連邦との間の条約」。対象区域は日本海，オホーツク海およびベーリング海を含む北西太平洋の全水域 (領海を除く) 。毎年1回以上日ソ漁業委員会が開かれ，サケ，マス，ニシン，カニなどについて，資源の保存と増大をはかり，最大の持続的生産性を維持するための協同規制措置が決定された。この措置は日ソ双方に平等に適用されることとなっているものの，サケ，マスの場合にはソ連は領海および領土内の河川で漁獲し，日本は公海で漁獲するため，公海を条約区域とするこの条約では，事実上日本のみが規制措置の適用を受けることとなり，交渉は毎年難航した。期限は 10年で，以後は1年の予告をもって一方的に廃棄できることになっていた。 200カイリ漁業専管水域を採用したソ連は，77年4月同条約の破棄を通告。それに代るものとして，ソ連の 200カイリ水域内については日ソ漁業暫定協定，200カイリ外の公海については日ソ漁業協力協定が結ばれた。

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