erbium

Er. Atomic number 68. Element in group ³ of the periodic table with the electron configuration [Kr] ^4f126s2 . A member of the yttrium group of rare earth elements. Named after Ytterby, Sweden, where gadolinite was first discovered. It was discovered in 1843 by the Swede CG Mosander in a sample of yttrium. Mosander originally called the element now named terbium erbium. Atomic weight 167.259(3). Six stable isotopes with mass numbers 162 (0.139(5)%), 164 (1.601(3)%), 166 (33.503(36)%), 167 (22.869(9)%), 168 (26.978(18)%), and 170 (14.910(36)%) are known, as well as radioactive isotopes with mass numbers between 143 and 177. Its abundance in the earth's crust is 2.2 ppm. It is found in gadolinite, fergusonite, and xenotime. Separation is difficult and is performed using a combination of solvent extraction, complex formation, and ion exchange chromatography. The pure metal is obtained by reduction of _ErF3 with calcium metal. Its melting point is 1529 °C and boiling point is 2863 °C. Its first ionization energy is 6.108 eV. Its density is 9.066 g cm ^-3 . Its oxidation state is 3. The electron configuration of Er3 ⁺ is ^4f11 and it is extremely paramagnetic. Its chemical properties are similar to those of other rare earth elements, with the oxalates, phosphates, hydroxides, fluorides, and carbonates being poorly soluble in water. Its crystals and aqueous solutions are red in color. _Er2O3 is an additive for red glass. Er:YAG lasers are high-power infrared lasers used in dental treatments, etc. _Er -doped optical fibers (EDFAs) are used in optical amplifiers. [CAS 7440-52-0]

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Er．原子番号68の元素．電子配置[Kr]4f ¹²6s²の周期表3族ランタノイド元素．希土類元素イットリウム族の一つ．元素名はガドリン石の最初の発見地スウェーデンのytterbyにちなんで命名された．1843年スウェーデンのC.G. Mosanderがイットリウム試料中に発見した．もともとMosanderは，現在テルビウムと命名された元素をエルビウムとしていた．原子量167.259(3)．質量数162(0.139(5)％)，164(1.601(3)％)，166(33.503(36)％)，167(22.869(9)％)，168(26.978(18)％)，170(14.910(36)％)の6種の安定同位体と，質量数143～177の放射性同位体が知られている．地殻中の存在度2.2 ppm．ガドリン石，フェルグソン石，ゼノタイムなどに存在する．分離は困難で，溶媒抽出，錯体形成，イオン交換クロマトグラフィーの組合せで行われる．純金属はErF₃のカルシウム金属による還元で得られる．融点1529 ℃，沸点2863 ℃．第一イオン化エネルギー6.108 eV．密度9.066 g cm^－3．酸化数3．Er^3＋ の電子配置は4f¹¹でいちじるしい常磁性を示す．化学的性質は一般の希土類元素と同じく，シュウ酸塩，リン酸塩，水酸化物，フッ化物，炭酸塩などは水に難溶．結晶および水溶液は赤色を示す．Er₂O₃は赤色ガラス用添加剤．Er：YAGレーザーは赤外線高出力レーザーで，歯科治療用などに用いられる．Erドープ光ファイバー(EDFA)は光増幅器に用いられる．[CAS 7440-52-0]

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