This is a method of creating effective medicines by focusing on the chemical structure of a substance and changing parts of it. It is now possible to represent the three-dimensional structure of a substance using a computer, and advances in protein engineering and synthesis technology have made this a practical approach. Traditionally, effective substances were found by randomly examining the components of plants and animals. This method relies heavily on chance, and the probability of practical application is extremely small, resulting in high development costs. In contrast, drug design involves predicting the molecular structure that acts directly on the cause of a disease, such as a virus, and designing a new drug from scratch. In addition to lowering development costs, it makes it possible to turn substances that do not exist in nature into medicines. There have already been a number of successful examples reported in Europe and the United States, including AIDS drugs. [Tanabe Isao] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物質の化学構造に着目、一部をかえることにより、有効な医薬品をつくりだす手法。コンピュータで物質の立体構造を表現することが可能になり、たんぱく工学や合成技術の進歩で実用段階に入った。従来は動植物などの成分を手当り次第に調べ、有効物質をみつけていた。これだと偶然の要素が強く、実用化できる確率は非常に小さいため、開発コストも高くつく。これに対して、ドラッグデザインはウイルスなど病気の原因に直接作用する分子構造を推定して、新薬を一から設計する。開発コストを低くできるほか、自然界にない物質をも医薬品化できる。エイズ薬など欧米ではすでにいくつも成功例が報告されている。 [田辺 功] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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