...It was emphasized that a fact can only be "seen" when one looks at something based on a certain theory, and therefore when theoretical assumptions change (Hanson modeled this on Gestalt transformation in psychology), even if one "looks" at the same thing, the "way of seeing" changes and new facts are "discovered." These arguments made up for the flaws in naive thinking about discovery, but as Brannigan A. Brannigan (1949- ) points out in The Phenomenology of Scientific Discovery (1981), this epistemological and psychological approach alone cannot distinguish between discovery and learning. How can we distinguish what happens when an individual learns something new from what is called discovery? *Some of the terminology that mentions "Brannigan, A." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ある理論を前提にしてものを見るとき,初めて,ある事実が〈見える〉のであり,したがって,理論的前提が変化したとき(ハンソンはそれを心理学のゲシュタルト変換に模した),同じものを〈見て〉いても,〈見え方〉が変わって新しい事実が〈発見〉される,という側面が強調されたのである。 こうした論点は,発見についての素朴な考え方の欠陥を補うものではあったが,ブラニガンA.Brannigan(1949‐ )が《科学的発見の現象学》(1981)で指摘するとおり,こうした認識論的・心理学的アプローチだけでは,発見と学習との区別がつかない。一人の個人が,新しいことを学ぶ際に起こっていることと,いわゆる発見とはいかにして区別されるか。… ※「Brannigan,A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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