In modern Greek, Thrace. Ancient and modern name of a region in the southeastern Balkan Peninsula. The extent of the region varies from period to period, but the ancient Greeks called Trache extended from the Danube River in the north, the Aegean Sea in the south, the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara in the east, and almost to the mountain range on the east bank of the Vardar River in the west. The Roman province of Thrace was slightly smaller, extending only to the Balkan Mountains in modern Bulgaria in the north and the Nestos River in the west. The western part, especially west of the Strymon River, was incorporated into Macedonia after 480 BC. Modern Thrace corresponds to the European part of Turkey, including southern Bulgaria, the Greek region of Thrace, and the Gelibolu Peninsula. The Thracians, who belonged to the Indo-European language family, were skilled warriors, but remained politically divided and did not invade neighboring countries. Greek colonies developed along the coast, notably Byzantium, Abdera, and Ainos. Apollonia (7th century BC) was founded by the Milesians of Ionia, and Mesembria (6th century BC) by the Chalcedonians of Bithynia on the Black Sea coast. Around 516 BC, most of the Thracians were subjugated to Persia, and the Odrysian tribe established an empire for a time, but in 360 BC it split into three and was absorbed by Philip II of Macedonia. In 197 BC, Rome annexed most of the area to the Kingdom of Pergamum. The coastal area west of the Hebros River was incorporated into the Roman province of Macedonia. In 46, the kingdom was annexed by Rome, and Roman cities such as Sardica (now Sofia) and Adrianopolis (now Edirne) were founded. Around 300, Emperor Diocletian reorganized the area from the lower Danube to the Aegean Sea as the administrative district of Thrace. Between the 1st and 7th centuries, Visigoths and Slavic tribes invaded, and in the 7th century, the Bulgarian state was founded, and the Byzantine Empire lost the area north of the Balkan Mountains. In the 14th century, Thrace was divided due to civil war within the empire, and in 1453 it was subject to four centuries of rule by the Ottoman Turks. It later became a site of conflict in the Russo-Turkish War of the 19th century and the Balkan Wars of 1912-13, and after World War I the border between Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey was established in its current form. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
現代ギリシア語ではスラキ。バルカン半島南東部の古代および現代の地域名。範囲は時代により異なるが,古代ギリシア人のトラケーは北はドナウ川,南はエーゲ海,東は黒海とマルマラ海,西はほぼバルダル川東岸の山地までであった。ローマ属州としてのトラキアはこれよりやや小さく,北は現ブルガリアのバルカン山脈,西はネストス川までにすぎなかった。西部特にストリモン川以西は前 480年以降マケドニアに編入された。現代のトラキアは,ブルガリア南部,ギリシアのスラキ地方およびゲリボル半島を含むトルコのヨーロッパ部分に相当する。インド=ヨーロッパ語族に属するトラキア人は優秀な戦士であったが,政治的に分裂し続けていたため近隣諸国を侵すことはなかった。ギリシア人植民都市が沿岸部に発達したが,特にビザンチオン,アブデラ,アイノスが有名。黒海のブルガス湾岸には,イオニアのミレトス人によってアポロニア (前7世紀) が,またビチュニアのカルケドン人によってメセンブリア (前6世紀) が建設された。前 516年頃には大部分のトラキア人はペルシアに服属,一時オドリュサイ族が帝国を築いたが,前 360年に3つに分裂してマケドニアのフィリッポス2世に吸収された。前 197年ローマは大部分をペルガモン王国に併合。ヘブロス川以西の海岸部はローマのマケドニア属州に編入された。 46年王国はローマに併合され,サルディカ (現ソフィア) ,ハドリアノポリス (現エディルネ) などのローマ都市が建設された。 300年頃ディオクレチアヌス帝はドナウ川下流からエーゲ海にいたる部分を,トラキア行政区として再編した。1~7世紀には西ゴート人とスラブ族が侵入し,7世紀にはブルガリア国家が建設されて,ビザンチン帝国はバルカン山脈以北を失った。 14世紀には帝国の内乱のためトラキアは分断され,1453年オスマン・トルコ人の4世紀にわたる支配に服することとなった。その後 19世紀の露土戦争,1912~13年のバルカン戦争の抗争の場となり,第1次世界大戦後ギリシア,ブルガリア,トルコの国境がほぼ現行のごとく画定した。
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