Complementarity

Japanese: 相補性 - そうほせい

A concept introduced by N. Bohr regarding the interpretation of quantum mechanics. To describe the movement of particles such as electrons, their position and momentum must be known, but experiments that measure both are mutually exclusive and cannot measure both accurately at the same time (uncertainty principle). In this way, when two pieces of knowledge obtained by exclusive experiments on the same object complement each other to obtain a complete description of the object, the two pieces of knowledge are said to be complementary to each other. In addition to position and momentum, time and energy are also complementary, which is closely related to the existence of Planck's constant, which has the dimension of the amount of action (i.e. the dimension of the product of length and momentum, or time and energy). More broadly, it can be said that the particle and wave nature of electrons and light, as well as the time-space description and causality of natural phenomena, are complementary to each other.
→ Related topic: Quantum mechanics

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

量子力学の解釈に関してN.ボーアが導入した考え方。電子など微粒子の運動を記述するためにはその位置と運動量を知らなければならないが，両者を測定する実験は互いに排他的な関係にあって両者を同時に正確に測定することはできない（不確定性原理）。このように同一対象に対する排他的な実験によって得られる二つの知識が相補ってはじめて対象の完全な記述が得られる場合，この二つの知識は互いに相補的であるという。位置と運動量のほかに時間とエネルギーも相補的な関係にあり，これは作用量の次元（つまり長さと運動量，または時間とエネルギーの積の次元）をもつプランク定数の存在と密接に関連する。さらに広くは，電子や光の粒子性と波動性，また自然現象の時間・空間的記述と因果性が相補的な関係にあるといえる。
→関連項目量子力学

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