Boulton, M.

Japanese: Boulton,M.(英語表記)BoultonM
Boulton, M.

…Although it was a local organization consisting of a dozen or so people, it attracted leading scholars and businessmen in medicine, chemistry, and natural history, and many achievements were made here, mainly in applied science, such as steam engines, spinning machines, improvements in land and water transportation, new methods for making industrial caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and pottery, and reforms in educational methods, against the backdrop of the Industrial Revolution fever in the emerging city. It began in 1765 with a monthly colloquium held by fastener manufacturer Matthew Boulton, physician E. Darwin (grandfather of C. Darwin), educator William Small, and American Franklin. Potter Wedgwood, steam engine developer Watt, chemical industry pioneer James Keir, carriage shock absorber inventor Richard Edgeworth, and gas chemistry pioneer J. Priestley joined the group, and through mutual enlightenment they produced many new ideas and theories. …

From [Watt]

…After closing his workshop at the university in 1766, he worked as a surveyor for canal construction from 1769 to repay the debts incurred from the development of the engine and to secure a stable income. However, due to the bankruptcy of Roebuck (1773) caused by the depression and the death of his wife shortly thereafter, he decided to return to the development of the engine, and left Scotland for Birmingham in 1774. In Birmingham, where the metalworking industry was developing, there was Matthew Boulton (1728-1809), who ran an excellent machine workshop in Soho, and Boulton had acquired the patent rights from Roebuck in 1773. With the support of Boulton, Watt devoted himself to improving the engine he had brought from Kinnaill, and successfully carried out practical tests using a high-precision iron cylinder provided by J. Wilkinson, who had invented the boring machine. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Boulton, M." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…十数人から成る地域的団体であったにもかかわらず,医学,化学,博物学の一流学者と実業家が参集し,ここから新興都市の産業革命熱を背景に蒸気機関や紡績機械,陸運・水運の改良,工業用苛性ソーダ(水酸化ナトリウム)や陶器の新製法,教育方法の改革など,応用科学を中心に多くの業績が生まれた。その発端は1765年に締め金具の製造者ボールトンMatthew Boultonと医師E.ダーウィン(C.ダーウィンの祖父),教育者スモールWilliam Smallがアメリカ人フランクリンとともに催した月例談話会にある。これに陶器業者ウェッジウッド,蒸気機関の開発者ワット,化学工業の開拓者キアJames Keir,馬車の緩衝装置を発明したエッジワースRichard Edgeworth,それに気体化学の先駆者J.プリーストリーが加わり,相互啓発によって多数の新くふうや理論を生みだした。…

【ワット】より

…1766年に大学内の仕事場を閉めていた彼は,機関の開発で生じた負債の返済と安定した収入を得るため69年から運河建設の測量技師として働くが,恐慌によるローバックの破産(1773)と,その直後の妻の死により機関の開発に戻る決意をし,74年にスコットランドを去ってバーミンガムへ向かった。金物工業が発展しつつあったバーミンガムには,ソホーで優れた機械作業場を経営するボールトンMatthew Boulton(1728‐1809)がおり,ボールトンは1773年にローバックから特許権を譲り受けていた。ワットはボールトンの援助でキンネイルから運んだ機関の改良に専念し,中ぐり盤を発明したJ.ウィルキンソンが提供した精度のよい鉄製シリンダーを用い,実用化試験に成功を納めた。…

※「Boulton,M.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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