Eyhenbaum (English spelling) Boris Mihaylovich Eyhenbaum

Japanese: エイヘンバウム - えいへんばうむ(英語表記)Борис Михайлович Эйхенбаум/Boris Mihaylovich Eyhenbaum
Eyhenbaum (English spelling) Boris Mihaylovich Eyhenbaum

Soviet literary scholar. He lectured at the University of St. Petersburg from 1918 to 1949. In 1918, he joined the Opoirs and became a leading Formalist theorist. His work How Gogol's "The Overcoat" was made (1919) focused on the very fabric of the text, and was significant in challenging the traditional political and social utilitarian criticism. His early work on Tolstoy rejected the dichotomy between the artist and the thinker after conversion, and instead presented a perspective that focused on the transition in the style of his work and the resulting crisis. In his work on Lermontov, he demonstrated that the emotional intensity of Lermontov's work was an eclectic one that borrowed from existing materials of Russian and Western poets. He also produced a variety of thought-provoking works in the fields of poetry and prose, but around 1927 he changed direction and began to place importance on the "literary environment" outside the work as a system, and wrote the voluminous "Lev Tolstoy in the 1950s and 1960s" (1928-1931) from that perspective. It was a detailed examination of the changes in Tolstoy's thought from the perspective of the social environment of his time. In the 1930s, as the oppression of the Stalinist regime intensified, he was forced to change direction again and turn to historical and biographical research. However, in the work he was involved in during this period, such as editing the works and complete works of Tolstoy, Lermontov, Turgenev, and Leskov, he made several groundbreaking discoveries and achieved great success.

[Takeshi Kodaira]

"Young Tolstoy" translated by Yamada Kichijiro (1976, Misuzu Shobo)""Russian Formalism Literature Essays 1" by R. Jacobson et al., translated by Kodaira Takeshi et al. (1971, Serika Shobo)"Russian Formalism Essays" by Shklovsky et al., translated by Shintani Keizaburo et al. (1971, Gendai Shichosha)

[References] | Tolstoy

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ソ連の文芸学者。1918年から49年までペテルブルグ大学の講壇に立った。18年にオポヤーズに参加、フォルマリストを代表する理論家として活躍した。『ゴーゴリの「外套(がいとう)」はいかに作られたか』(1919)は、テキストの生地(きじ)そのものに着目して、従来の政治的、社会的な功利主義批評に挑戦する意義を担った。初期のトルストイ論は、芸術家と回心後の思想家という二分法を退け、あくまでも作品のスタイルの変遷、そこからくる危機ととらえようとする視点を示した。またレールモントフ論においては、その情動的な強度が、ロシアならびに西欧の詩人たちの既成の素材を借りて成り立つ折衷的なものであることを論証した。そのほか詩、散文の分野にわたってさまざまな示唆的な仕事を残したが、27年ごろから方向を転換、システムとしての作品の外側の「文学的環境」を重視するようになり、その視点からまた大部の『レフ・トルストイ 50~60年代』(1928~31)が書かれる。トルストイの思想の変遷を同時代の社会環境から綿密に検証するものであった。30年代に入り、スターリニズム体制の圧迫の強まるなかでさらに方向を転換、歴史的、伝記的な研究に赴かざるをえなくなる。しかしこの時期に携わったトルストイ、レールモントフ、ツルゲーネフ、レスコフなどの作品、全集の校訂の作業においても、いくつかの画期的な発見があり、多大な業績を残した。

[小平 武]

『山田吉二郎訳『若きトルストイ』(1976・みすず書房)』『R・ヤコブソン他著、小平武他訳『ロシア・フォルマリズム文学論集1』(1971・せりか書房)』『シクロフスキー他著、新谷敬三郎他訳『ロシア・フォルマリズム論集』(1971・現代思潮社)』

[参照項目] | トルストイ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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