Birkbeck, G.

… The bourgeois revolution dismantled the class system, abolished the monopoly of occupations by guilds, and established freedom of occupational choice. As a result, new explorations began regarding the system of technical education. In England, which was the first to experience the Industrial Revolution, the method of craftsmen teaching their skills to apprentices became common in the industrial field even after the dissolution of the guilds. In the early 19th century, under the influence of George Birkbeck (1776-1841), the mechanic institute movement was born. This was a movement in which outstanding scientists taught mathematics, various branches of natural science, and the principles and applications of technology to workers. It quickly disappeared in the mid-19th century due to opposition from the upper class, but it became the seed of later technical education institutions and had a major influence in America. …

*Some of the terminology referenced in "Birkbeck, G." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　市民革命によって身分制が解体され，ギルドによる職業の独占が廃棄されて職業選択の自由が確立するに伴い，技術教育の制度に関して新たな模索が始まった。はじめて産業革命を経験したイギリスでは，工業の分野ではギルドの解体後も職人が見習徒弟に技能を伝習する方式が一般化したが，19世紀初めには，バークベックGeorge Birkbeck(1776‐1841)の影響のもとに機械工講習所運動mechanic institute movementが生まれた。これは，すぐれた科学者の手で労働者たちに数学，自然科学の諸部門，技術の原理や応用を教える運動で，19世紀半ばには上流階級の反対で急速に消滅したが，のちの技術教育機関の萌芽となり，アメリカにも大きな影響を及ぼした。…

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