…When the internal energy is U , the pressure is p , and the volume is V , enthalpy H is defined as H = U + pV . The equilibrium state under constant pressure is determined by the principle of minimum enthalpy, which is derived from the relationship dH = TdS + Vdp , where S is the entropy ( T is absolute temperature). The term enthalpy was coined by Camerlin Onnes in 1909, after the Greek word enthalpein, meaning to warm, to describe the amount of heat absorbed by a system under constant external pressure. … *Some of the terminology that refers to the "principle of minimum enthalpy" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…内部エネルギーをU,圧力をp,体積をVとしたとき,エンタルピーHはH=U+pVによって定義される。圧力一定という条件での平衡状態は,エンタルピー最小の原理によって決定されるが,これはエントロピーをSとするとdH=TdS+Vdpの関係式が成立することから導かれる(Tは絶対温度)。エンタルピーという言葉は,1909年カメルリン・オンネスによって,温まるという意味のギリシア語enthalpeinにちなんで命名されたもので,一定の外圧のもとで系が吸収する熱量を表すために用いられた。… ※「エンタルピー最小の原理」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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