...They are often made of soft wool, especially felt, and all have a small decorative pin on the top of the crown. The prototype of this type of hat had already appeared in Greek times, but in the 15th and 16th centuries, the horned hat (biretta) worn by clergy spread to farmers in the Basque region on the border between Spain and France, and became the basic type of beret. Today, the hats worn by students and artists, and fashionable as ladies' hats, are probably refined versions of this Basque hat (also known as the Basque beret). ... From [Hats]…Men's berets have undergone many changes in design, including the inclusion of slashes in the clothing of the time. A type of biretta worn by cardinals and the intellectual class later became the mortarboard cap worn by university students. When the French court became the center of fashion following the rise of the Dutch in the 17th century, interest in large hairstyles and wigs increased, and wide-brimmed hats made of felt or beaver fur and decorated with ostrich feathers became popular. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "biretta" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…材料はやわらかい毛織物,とくにフェルトでつくられたものが多く,いずれもクラウンの頂に小さいつまみ飾りをつけているのが特徴である。このような帽子の原型は,すでにギリシア時代に出現していたが,15~16世紀に聖職者たちが用いた角帽(ビレッタbiretta)が,スペインとフランスの国境のバスク地方の農民に広がり,ベレーの基本型として一般化した。今日,学生,芸術家に用いられ,また婦人帽としてファッション化されたものは,このバスク地方の帽子(別称バスク・ベレー)が洗練されたものであろう。… 【帽子】より…また男子のベレーは,当時の衣服と同じようにスラッシュ(切り込み)を入れるなどデザインに多くの変化を見せている。枢機卿および知識階級のかぶったビレッタbirettaの一種は,後世,大学生の角帽となった。17世紀オランダの隆盛に続いてフランス宮廷がモードの中心地となると,大きな髪形と鬘への関心が高まるなかで,フェルトやビーバーの毛皮で作られ,ダチョウの羽根飾が付いたつばの広い帽子に人気が集まった。… ※「biretta」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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