Attorney

…Higher-ranking lawyers (sergeants, later barristers) were united with judges under the system of the “Legal Profession Union” and trained as lawyers in a guild-like format through empirical and technical legal education (these became the core members of the common law). Lower-ranking lawyers, the attorneys, were seen as subject to the supervision of the court, but in the 16th century they formed a class of lawyers independent of the barristers and merged with the newly established solicitors into a single class. England is a country of legal practitioners, and the leading positions in law formation are occupied by judges under the legal profession Union, with the contribution of university legal scholars being much lower than on the continent. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "attorney" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…上位の弁護士(サージャント，のちにはバリスターbarrister)が〈法曹一元〉の制度のもとに裁判官と一体感をもち，経験的･技術的な法学教育によるギルド的形態での法律家養成を行った(これがコモン･ローの中核的な担い手となる)。下位の弁護士たるアターニーattorneyは裁判所の監督に服すべき存在とみられていたが，16世紀にバリスターとは独立の法律家層を形成し，新たに成立したソリシターsolicitorとともに一つの階層にまとまっていった。イギリスは法律実務家の国であり，法形成における指導的地位は法曹一元の裁判官が占め，大学の法学者による寄与は大陸に比べてずっと低い。…

※「attorney」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報