…The English word fountain pen was used in the 18th century, but in 1809, Joseph Bramah of England introduced a compound fountain pen that dispensed ink when the pen barrel was gripped, spurring a competition to develop new designs. Then, in 1884, Lewis E. Waterman (1837-1901), an American insurance salesman, obtained a patent for a pen with grooves on the back of the pen core that was in contact with the pen to allow air to circulate, and a thin groove at the bottom of the groove to allow ink to flow by capillary action, marking the beginning of the practical fountain pen. The body of early fountain pens was made of ebonite, but from around 1925 it was replaced by celluloid, and in the 1950s it was replaced by synthetic resin. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Waterman, LE" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…万年筆という英語fountain pen(泉のような筆)も18世紀には用いられたが,1809年にイギリスのブラーマJoseph Bramahは軸の胴を握るとインキの出る〈複合ファウンテンペン〉を発表し,新案競争に拍車がかかった。そして1884年にアメリカの保険外交員ウォーターマンLewis E.Waterman(1837‐1901)が,ペンに密着しているペン芯の背に角溝をつけて空気の流通を図るとともに,角溝の底部に細い溝を通し,毛細管作用でインキが伝わるようにした特許を得,実用的な万年筆の始まりとなった。初期の万年筆の本体はエボナイト製だったが,1925年ころからセルロイド製となり,さらに50年代には合成樹脂に変わっている。… ※「Waterman,L.E.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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