(1) Also called ethene. The simplest of the ethylenic hydrocarbons. Chemical formula CH 2 =CH 2 . A colorless, flammable gas with a slightly sweet odor, with a boiling point of -104°C. It is sparingly soluble in water, but somewhat soluble in ethyl alcohol and ether. It undergoes addition reactions specific to double bonds. It is easily oxidized by oxidizing agents, producing various products depending on the type of oxidizing agent. It also produces ethane by catalytic reduction. Although it is less stable than ethane, it is widely present in the plant kingdom and acts as a hormone. Industrially, it is produced by high-temperature decomposition of petroleum fractions. Most petrochemical products start from ethylene. For example, polyethylene is produced by polymerization, and ethylene oxide is produced by oxidation, and many other products are derived from it, including ethyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and styrene. (2) A divalent group represented by -CH 2 CH 2 -. It does not exist in a free state. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
(1) エテンともいう。エチレン系炭化水素の最も簡単なもの。化学式 CH2=CH2 。無色でかすかに甘い匂いのある引火性の気体で,沸点-104℃。水に難溶,エチルアルコール,エーテルにはいくぶん溶ける。二重結合特有の付加反応を起す。酸化剤によって容易に酸化され,酸化剤の種類によって種々の生成物を生じる。また接触還元によってエタンを生成する。エタンに比べて不安定だが,植物界には広く存在し,ホルモンとして働いている。工業的には石油留分の高温分解によって製造される。石油化学製品のほとんどがエチレンを出発原料にしている。たとえば,重合によるポリエチレン,酸化によるエチレンオキシドの製造,その他エチルアルコール,アセトアルデヒド,酢酸,酢酸ビニル,塩化ビニル,スチレンなど多数の製品が誘導される。 (2) -CH2CH2- で表わされる2価の基。遊離の状態では存在しない。
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