Andromeda Galaxy - Andromeda Galaxy (English spelling)

Japanese: アンドロメダ銀河 - あんどろめだぎんが(英語表記)Andromeda Galaxy
Andromeda Galaxy - Andromeda Galaxy (English spelling)

A galaxy near the star Nu in the constellation Andromeda. Its catalog numbers are M31 and NGC224. Its brightness is 4.4 magnitude, and its faint nebulous light can be seen even with the naked eye, and it has come to be known as the Andromeda Nebula. Telescope photographs show that it has an elliptical shape with a major axis of about 3 degrees and a minor axis of about 1 degree, and is a typical spiral galaxy consisting of a bright central nucleus and a spiral-shaped outer periphery. Two small elliptical galaxies are attached to both sides of the main body, and the main body contains many stars, star clusters, gas nebulae, etc. The distance to this galaxy, estimated by various methods, is about 2.3 million light years, and the actual diameter calculated from this is about 100,000 light years, and the actual brightness is about 10 billion times that of the sun. It has also been observed that each part of the galaxy rotates around its center, and the mass of the Andromeda Galaxy, calculated mechanically from the state of this rotation, is about 200 billion times the mass of the sun. Based on these points, it has been concluded that the Andromeda Galaxy is an object very similar to our Milky Way Galaxy. Moreover, it is the closest galaxy of its kind, and plays a valuable role in the study of the Milky Way Galaxy and spiral galaxies in general.

It was first recorded in the star catalogue of the 10th century Persian astronomer Sufi, and was registered as number 31 (M31) in the Messier Catalogue published in 1771. It was confirmed by Hubble's observational research in 1923 that this is not a nebula within the Milky Way, but an extragalactic object.

[Takase Bunshiro]

"Experimental Astronomy Workbook" by Roger B. Culver, translated by Hasegawa Toshio (1988, Koseisha Kouseikaku)""Galactic Journey - A Panoramic Great Universe" by Iwasaki Yoshiaki (1991, Heibonsha)""Stars, Constellations and Space Journey 8: Stars and Galaxies" by Segawa Masao (1997, Komine Shoten)""The Universe as Captured by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) by Numazawa Shigemi and Wakiya Nanayo (1997, Seibundo Shinkosha)""The Milky Way and the Galactic Universe" by Okamura Sadanori (1999, University of Tokyo Press)"

[References] | Andromeda | Spiral galaxy | Galaxy | Galaxy group |Galaxy system | Extragalactic object | Sufi | Elliptical galaxy | Hubble | Messier catalogue
Andromeda Galaxy
A typical spiral galaxy in the constellation Andromeda. NGC224 (M31). It is the closest galaxy of its kind to the Milky Way. Photographed by the Ultraviolet Space Telescope © NASA/JPL-Caltech ">

Andromeda Galaxy

Andromeda
©Akira Fujii ">

Andromeda


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アンドロメダ座、ν(ニュー)星の近くにある銀河。カタログ番号はM31およびNGC224。明るさは4.4等で、肉眼でも淡い星雲状の光を見ることができ、アンドロメダ星雲の名で親しまれてきた。望遠鏡写真によれば、長径3度、短径1度ほどの楕円(だえん)形を呈し、明るい中心核と渦巻状の外周部からなる典型的な渦状銀河であることがわかる。本体の両わきには二つの小形楕円銀河を従えており、本体には多くの恒星、星団、ガス星雲などが含まれている。諸種の方法で推定されるこの銀河までの距離は約230万光年で、これから計算される実直径は約10万光年、実際の明るさは太陽の約100億倍となる。また銀河の各部分は、その中心の周りを回転していることが観測されており、その回転のようすから力学的に求めたアンドロメダ銀河の質量は、太陽質量の約2000億倍という値になる。これらの諸点からみて、アンドロメダ銀河は、わが銀河系と非常によく似た天体であることが結論された。しかも同種の銀河としてはもっとも近距離にあり、銀河系や一般の渦状銀河の研究上、貴重な役割を果たしている。

 10世紀のペルシアの天文家スーフィーの星表に初めて記載され、1771年出版の『メシエ・カタログ』では31番に登録された(M31)。これが銀河系内の星雲ではなくて、銀河系外の天体であることが確認されたのは、1923年のハッブルの観測研究によるものである。

[高瀬文志郎]

『ロジャー・B・カルバー著、長谷川俊雄訳『実験天文学ワークブック』(1988・恒星社厚生閣)』『岩崎賀都彰著『銀河の旅――パノラマ大宇宙』(1991・平凡社)』『瀬川昌男著『星と星座と宇宙の旅8 星と銀河』(1997・小峰書店)』『沼沢茂美・脇屋奈々代著『HSTハッブル宇宙望遠鏡がとらえた宇宙』(1997・誠文堂新光社)』『岡村定矩著『銀河系と銀河宇宙』(1999・東京大学出版会)』

[参照項目] | アンドロメダ座 | 渦状銀河 | 銀河 | 銀河群 | 銀河系 | 銀河系外天体 | スーフィー | 楕円銀河 | ハッブル | メシエ・カタログ
アンドロメダ銀河
アンドロメダ座にある典型的な渦状銀河。NGC224(M31)。同種の銀河としては銀河系からもっとも近距離にある。紫外線宇宙望遠鏡により撮影©NASA/JPL-Caltech">

アンドロメダ銀河

アンドロメダ座
©藤井 旭">

アンドロメダ座


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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