Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert

Japanese: キルヒホフ（英語表記）Kirchhoff， Gustav Robert

Born: March 12, 1824, Königsberg
Died October 17, 1887. Berlin, Germany. German physicist. Studied at the University of Königsberg, he was an associate professor at the University of Breslau (1850), a professor at the University of Heidelberg (54), and a professor of mathematical physics at the University of Berlin (75). In 1849, he discovered Kirchhoff's law of electric circuits, and in 1859, Kirchhoff's law of radiation. He then worked on spectroscopy with R. Bunsen, and discovered cesium and rubidium. He also discovered that the dark line that J. Fraunhofer named the D line in the solar spectrum was in the same position as the sodium emission line, and pointed out that this element exists in the sun. His research on spectroscopy and blackbody radiation paved the way for later research into atomic structure and quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to acoustics and elasticity theory.

Kirchhoff
Kirchhoff, Johann Wilhelm Adolf

[Born] 1826
[Died] 1908
German classical philologist. Professor at the University of Berlin. His major works are "Euripides" (2 volumes, 1855), "Plotinus" (2 volumes, 1856), and "Die Homerische Odyssee und ihre Entstehung" (1856).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1824.3.12. ケーニヒスベルク
[没]1887.10.17. ベルリン
ドイツの物理学者。ケーニヒスベルク大学に学び，ブレスラウ大学員外教授 (1850) ，ハイデルベルク大学教授 (54) ，ベルリン大学数理物理学教授 (75) 。 1849年，キルヒホフの電気回路の法則を，59年キルヒホフの放射法則を発見した。その後 R.ブンゼンとともにスペクトル分光の研究に従事，セシウムおよびルビジウムを発見。また J.フラウンホーファーが太陽スペクトル中にD線と名づけた黒線は，ナトリウムの輝線と同じ位置にあることを見出し，太陽に存在する元素を指摘した。彼の分光学上および黒体放射の研究が，のちの原子の構造および量子論の研究への道を開いたといえる。音響学，弾性論の業績もある。