All-or-none law

Japanese: all-or-none law(英語表記)allornonelaw
All-or-none law

…Normally, the stronger the stimulus, the greater the effect, but when the stimulus is strengthened beyond a certain limit and the effect no longer increases, this is called maximum stimulation. Also, when a stimulus reaches a threshold, such as in the case of nerves, maximum excitement occurs at that point, and when the effect does not change even if the stimulus is strengthened further, this excitement is said to follow the all-or-none law. Each sensory organ has a suitable physicochemical factor (suitable stimulation), such as light for the eyes, sound for the ears, and temperature or mechanical contact for the skin. …

From [Nervous System]

…When a neuron is stimulated, the resting potential (local potential) of a small part of the neuron changes, and when the local potential becomes smaller than a certain value, an action potential or spike is generated. This spike potential follows the all-or-none law. In other words, if the strength of the stimulus is above a certain strength (threshold), a spike will be generated with a constant magnitude and time course, regardless of the strength of the stimulus. …

*Some explanations of terms that mention "all-or-none law" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ふつうは刺激を強くすると効果が大きくなるが,ある限度以上強くしてもはや効果の増大がみられぬとき,これを最大刺激という。また神経などのように刺激が閾値に達するとそこで最大の興奮がおこり,それ以上刺激を強めても効果の変わらぬとき,この興奮は全か無の法則(悉無律(しつむりつ)all‐or‐none law)に従うという。 目に光,耳に音,皮膚に温度や機械的な接触というように,感覚器にはそれぞれ刺激として適した物理化学的要因(適刺激)がある。…

【神経系】より

…ニューロンに刺激が働いて,ニューロンのある小部分の静止電位(局所電位local potential)が変化し,その大きさが一定値よりも小さくなると,活動電位action potentialないしスパイクspikeが発生する。このスパイク電位は全か無の法則(悉無律(しつむりつ)all or none law)にしたがう。すなわち,刺激の強さがある一定の強さ(閾値(いきち))以上であれば,スパイクは刺激の強度の大小とは無関係に一定の大きさと時間経過をもって発生する。…

※「all-or-none law」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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