Satake clan

A powerful clan in Hitachi in the Middle Ages. It began when Minamoto no Yoshimitsu became Hitachi no Suke, and his grandson Masayoshi followed his mother's side and settled in Satake-go, Hitachi-Kuji County (Hitachiota City, Ibaraki Prefecture), calling himself the Satake clan. Masayoshi's second son, Takayoshi, was under the patronage of the Taira clan and opposed Minamoto no Yoritomo, which reduced his influence, but after the fall of the Kamakura Shogunate, Sadayoshi and Yoshiatsu, father and son, belonged to the Ashikaga clan and were appointed Hitachi Shugoshoku (military governor), restoring their influence. In the early 15th century, Yoshinori, the son of Uesugi Norisada, became Yoshimori's adopted heir, but he was opposed by the Yamairi clan, a branch of the Satake clan, and the conflict between the Satake and Yamairi clans continued for 100 years. In 1504 (Eisho 1), Yoshishun, with the cooperation of the Iwaki clan, defeated Yamairi Ujiyoshi and recaptured his base, Ota Castle (Hitachi Ota City), paving the way for the unification of the seven Hitachi Ou counties. During the time of Yoshiaki and Yoshishige, the father and son, they suppressed the Daijo and Oda clans and expanded their influence into central and southern Hitachi and southern Mutsu, but were forced to retreat due to the advance of the Hojo and Date clans. During the time of Yoshinobu, Toyotomi Hideyoshi granted him a fief of 540,000 koku and he moved to Mito. However, in 1600 (Keicho 5), he sided with Ishida Mitsunari in the Battle of Sekigahara, and in 1602 he was transferred to Dewa, where he held the fief of 200,000 koku in the Akita (Kubota) domain until the end of the Edo period.

[Takao Ichimura]

"The Satake Clan of Hitachi Province, a Daimyo of the Eastern Regions in the Middle Ages" (1970), written and published by Tadaaki Ehara; "The History of Hitachi Province" (1977, Kodansha), edited by Sakuraku Hanawa

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中世常陸(ひたち)の豪族。源義光(みなもとのよしみつ)が常陸介(ひたちのすけ)となり、その孫昌義(まさよし)が母方に付して常陸久慈(くじ)郡佐竹郷（茨城県常陸太田市）に土着し、佐竹氏を称したのに始まる。昌義の次子隆義(たかよし)は、平家の恩顧を受けた関係から源頼朝(よりとも)に対抗して勢力を削減されたが、鎌倉幕府滅亡後、貞義(さだよし)・義篤(よしあつ)父子が足利(あしかが)氏に属し、常陸守護職(しゅごしき)に補任(ぶにん)されて勢力を回復。15世紀初頭、上杉憲定(うえすぎのりさだ)の子義憲(よしのり)が義盛(よしもり)の養嗣子(ようしし)となったが、佐竹支族山入(やまいり)氏らの反対を受け、以来100年にわたる佐竹、山入両氏の抗争が続いた。1504年（永正1）義舜(よしきよ)が岩城(いわき)氏の協力を得て山入氏義(うじよし)を打倒し、本拠太田城（常陸太田市）を奪還、常陸奥七郡統一の道を開き、義昭(よしあき)・義重(よししげ)父子の時代には大掾(だいじょう)・小田氏らを圧して常陸中南部、陸奥(むつ)南部に勢力を拡大したが、北条・伊達(だて)氏の進出によって後退を余儀なくされた。義宣(よしのぶ)のとき豊臣秀吉(とよとみひでよし)から54万石余を安堵(あんど)され、水戸へ移る。しかし1600年（慶長5）関ヶ原の戦いでは石田三成(いしだみつなり)方につき、1602年出羽(でわ)に転封、秋田（久保田）藩20万石を領し、幕末に至る。

［市村高男］

『江原忠昭著・刊『中世東国大名常陸国佐竹氏』（1970）』▽『塙作楽編『常陸の歴史』（1977・講談社）』

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