Beckmann rearrangement

Japanese: ベックマン転位 - べっくまんてんい(英語表記)Beckmann rearrangement
Beckmann rearrangement

A reaction in which a ketone oxime is reacted with phosphorus pentachloride, concentrated sulfuric acid, polyphosphoric acid, benzenesulfonyl chloride, etc. to produce a substituted amide. This reaction is important in organic synthesis. In 1886, E. O. Beckmann of Germany discovered that benzophenone oxime reacted violently with phosphorus pentachloride to produce benzanilide.


In the Beckmann rearrangement, the group anti to the hydroxyl group of the oxime is transferred to the nitrogen, and the optical activity of the transferred group is maintained ( Figure A ). The rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam is a well-known process for the production of nylon raw materials ( Figure B ).

[Yasuhide Yukawa and Masaru Hirota, February 17, 2016]

[Reference] | Oxime | Caprolactam | Beckmann
Beckmann rearrangement (Fig. A)
©Shogakukan ">

Beckmann rearrangement (Fig. A)

Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime (Fig. B)
©Shogakukan ">

Beckmann transformation of cyclohexanone oxime…


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ケトンのオキシムに五塩化リンあるいは濃硫酸、ポリリン酸、塩化ベンゼンスルホニルなどを作用させると置換アミドが得られる反応。有機合成に重要な反応である。1886年ドイツのE・O・ベックマンは、ベンゾフェノンオキシムが五塩化リンと激しく反応してベンズアニリドを生成することをみいだした。


 ベックマン転位では、オキシムのヒドロキシ基に対してアンチの位置にある基が窒素に転位し、転位基の光学活性は保持される(図A)。シクロヘキサノンオキシムからカプロラクタムへの転位は、ナイロン原料の製造工程としてよく知られている(図B)。

[湯川泰秀・廣田 穰 2016年2月17日]

[参照項目] | オキシム | カプロラクタム | ベックマン
ベックマン転位〔図A〕
©Shogakukan">

ベックマン転位〔図A〕

シクロヘキサノンオキシムのベックマン転位〔図B〕
©Shogakukan">

シクロヘキサノンオキシムのベックマン転…


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