...After his death, following the death of Husayn in battle at Karbala, Ibn al-Zubayr of Mecca became caliph in 683, and in 685 the Mukhtar Rebellion broke out in Kufa, putting the dynasty in danger of collapse. This is called the Second Civil War (683-692), but the fifth caliph, Abd al-Malik (646-647-705, reigned 685-705), put down these rebellions and rebuilt the empire. From the Marwan familyIn 685, he wiped out the forces of the Syrian anti-Umayyad caliph Ibn al-Zubayr in the Battle of Marj al-Rahit, re-establishing the Umayyad position in Syria. His son 'Abd al-Malik (reigned 685-705) succeeded his father as the fifth caliph, ending the second civil war and saving the Umayyad dynasty from crisis. All of the successors to the caliphate, except for the eighth caliph Umar II and the fourteenth caliph Marwan II, were descendants of Marwan, so the Umayyad dynasty after Marwan can be called the Marwanid dynasty in contrast to the previous three caliphs who were of Sufyan descent. *Some of the terminology that mentions "'Abd al-Malik" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その没後,フサインのカルバラーでの戦死を経て,683年にはメッカのイブン・アッズバイルがカリフと称し,685年クーファではムフタールの乱があり,同朝は存亡の危機に陥った。これを第2次内乱(683‐692)というが,第5代カリフのアブド・アルマリク‘Abd al‐Malik(646∥647‐705。在位685‐705)は,これらを平定して帝国を再建した。… 【マルワーン家】より…685年,シリアの反ウマイヤ家で,メッカのカリフ,イブン・アッズバイルに従う勢力をマルジュ・ラーヒトの戦で一掃し,シリアでのウマイヤ家の地位を再確立し,没した。 子のアブド・アルマリク‘Abd al‐Malik(在位685‐705)は第5代カリフとして父の事業を継承し,第2次内乱を終結させウマイヤ朝存亡の危機を救った。第8代のウマル2世と第14代のマルワーン2世を除くと,すべてアブド・アルマリクの子孫がカリフ位を継承したが,その2者ともマルワーンの子孫であるので,マルワーン以後のウマイヤ朝をスフヤーン家出身の前3代と対照的にマルワーン朝と呼んでさしつかえない。… ※「‘Abd al-Malik」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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