Gluten - Guruten (English spelling) gluten

Japanese: グルテン - ぐるてん(英語表記)gluten
Gluten - Guruten (English spelling) gluten

Put 10 grams of flour and 6-7 milliliters of water in a small container, knead well with a wooden stick with a rounded end, soak in warm water at about 30 degrees Celsius for 5-10 minutes, and then knead under running water to wash away the white starch, leaving behind something similar to chewing gum. If you squeeze out the excess water, it will become sticky. This is called gluten, and is made by adding water to the proteins glutenin and gliadin in wheat flour and kneading. Glutenin gives gluten elasticity, and gliadin acts as a binding agent because it is soft and sticky. The gluten obtained in this way contains 65-70% water. It is the gluten formed in wheat flour dough that makes bread large and fluffy, keeps its shape even when cooled, and gives Chinese noodles and udon their unique chewy texture. Other grain flours do not produce gluten, so bread does not rise properly when baked.

[Seiichi Nagao]

"The Secret of Flour: Fun Cooking and Experiments" by Chikako Odake and illustrated by Yasuko Nagai (1991, Saera Shobo)

[References] | Gliadin | Wheat flour | Protein | Starch

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

小さい容器に小麦粉10グラム、水6~7ミリリットルを入れて、先を丸くした木の棒でよくこねたのち、30℃ぐらいの温水中に5~10分浸してから、流水の中でもみほぐすと、白いデンプンが洗い流されて、あとにチューインガムに似たものが残る。余分の水分を搾り出すようにして除くと、べたつくようになる。これがグルテンとよばれるもので、小麦粉中のグルテニンとグリアジンというタンパク質に水を加えてこねることによってできる。グルテニンはグルテンに弾力を与え、グリアジンは柔らかくてべたつくため結合剤として働く。こうして得られたグルテンには水分が65~70%含まれている。パンが大きく、ふんわりと膨らみ、冷えてもその形を保てたり、中華麺(めん)やうどんに独特の歯ごたえある食感を与えたりするのは、小麦粉生地(きじ)中に形成されるグルテンの働きによる。他の穀粉からはグルテンが形成されないから、パンを焼いてもふっくら膨らまない。

[長尾精一]

『小竹千香子著、永井泰子絵『小麦粉のひみつ――たのしい料理と実験』(1991・さ・え・ら書房)』

[参照項目] | グリアジン | 小麦粉 | タンパク質 | デンプン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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