Jingo Gunran

In 1882, in Seoul, Korea, soldiers rose up against the Japanese invasion, the corruption of the Min clan, and their treasonous policies. In Japan, this rebellion is also called the Gyeongseong Incident, along with the Gapsin Coup. Since the Treaty of Ganghwa (Japan-Korea Treaty of Amity) in 1876, foreign capitalist countries, including Japan, have invaded Korea, deepening the crisis of the feudal regime of the Yi Dynasty and doubling the hardships of the people. In 1881, the Min clan, who held power at the time, reformed the military system at the request of Japan, invited Japanese Army Lieutenant Reizo Horimoto as a military instructor, and organized a new military force called the Byeoggungun, mainly consisting of the children of yangban (high-ranking officials). In contrast, the soldiers of the old army had not even been given their rice stipend for 13 months. They were finally given one month's worth of rice stipend in July 1882, but it was rotten or mixed with sand. The soldiers' discontent exploded, and they took up arms. One group attacked the residences of the Min clan's high-ranking officials, then entered the palace and attempted to kill Queen Min. Queen Min disguised herself as a court lady and escaped the palace, fleeing to Chungju. Another group attacked the Japanese embassy, ​​burning it down and killing Horimoto Reizo and others. Minister Hanabusa Yoshimoto barely escaped with his life and returned to Nagasaki. In Seoul, Daewongun took power and put an end to the rebellion. He attempted to carry out a series of reforms, but failed due to the intervention of the Qing Dynasty, and was abducted by the Qing Dynasty, and Queen Min was once again in power. Japan concluded the Treaty of Chemulpo in August of the same year to settle the military rebellion. Japan received compensation and the right to station troops from Korea, and also expanded its interests in open ports. Meanwhile, China also took this opportunity to impose the Regulations on Sea and Land Trade between China and Korea on its merchants in October of the same year, strengthening its interference in Korea's internal affairs and economic advancement. Thus, the conflict between Japan and China over Korea intensified further.

[Setsuko Miyata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1882年朝鮮のソウルで、日本の侵略と閔(びん)氏一族の腐敗、売国政策に対して立ち上がった軍人たちの反乱。日本では甲申政変とあわせて京城事変といったこともある。1876年の江華条約（日朝修好条規）以来、日本をはじめとする外国資本主義国が朝鮮を侵略、李朝(りちょう)封建体制の危機は深まり、民衆の生活苦は倍加していった。時の権力者である閔氏一族は1881年に日本の要請で軍制を改め、日本陸軍少尉堀本礼造を軍事教官に招き、両班(ヤンバン)の子弟を中心に別技軍という新式軍隊を組織した。これに対し旧来の軍隊の兵士たちは、俸禄(ほうろく)米も13か月も支給されないままであった。82年7月にやっと1か月分の俸禄米が支給されたが、腐っていたり、砂が混ざっていたりした。ここで兵士たちの不満は爆発、武器をとって立ち上がり、一隊は閔氏一族の大官たちの邸宅を襲い、さらに内殿に侵入して閔妃(びんひ／ミンピ)を殺害しようとした。閔妃は宮女に変装し王宮を脱出、忠州に逃れた。他の一隊は日本公使館を襲撃、これを焼き払い、堀本礼造らを殺害した。公使花房義質(はなぶさよしもと)は命からがら長崎に逃げ帰った。ソウルでは大院君が政権につき反乱を収束。一連の改革を行おうとしたが、清(しん)国の介入で失敗、清国に拉致(らち)され、ふたたび閔妃が権力の座についた。日本はこの軍乱の後始末として同年8月済物浦(さいもっぽ)条約を締結。朝鮮から賠償金、駐兵権を獲得、開港場の権益も拡大させた。一方、清国もこれを機に同年10月、清韓(しんかん)商民水陸貿易章程を強要、朝鮮に対する内政干渉と経済的進出を強化していった。こうして朝鮮をめぐる日清の対立はいっそう激化した。

［宮田節子］

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