Simplex - Tantai (English spelling)

Japanese: 単体 - たんたい(英語表記)simplex
Simplex - Tantai (English spelling)
A bounded convex set S with n +1 points (vectors) a0 , a1 , a2 , ..., an in an n -dimensional vector space is called an n -dimensional simplex with a0 , a1 , a2 , ..., an as its vertices if and only if a1 - a0 , a2 - a0 , ... , an - a0 are linearly independent vectors. Each point x in an n - dimensional simplex can be represented in exactly one way by xΣλi ai , where Σλi = 1 ( λi ≧ 0). In other words, an n -dimensional simplex is the simplest convex set in an n - dimensional vector space. If we consider a0 , a1 , a2 , ..., an to be the position vectors of n + 1 points A0 , A1 , A2 , ..., An in n- dimensional Euclidean space, then a 0-dimensional simplex can be represented as the single point A0 , a 1-dimensional simplex as a line segment with A0 and A1 as endpoints, a 2-dimensional simplex as a triangle with A0 , A1 , and A2 as vertices, a 3-dimensional simplex as a tetrahedron with A0 , A1 , A2 , and A3 as vertices, and in general, an n -dimensional simplex can be represented as a figure with A0 , A1 , A2 , ..., An as vertices.

Single unit
Simple substance

A pure substance is a substance that consists of only one type of element and cannot be separated into two or more substances by normal physical or chemical methods. Pure substances are broadly divided into elements and compounds.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
n 次元ベクトル空間の n+1 個の点 (ベクトル) a0a1a2 ,…,an を頂点にもつ有界な凸集合 S は,a1a0a2a0 ,…,ana0 が1次独立なベクトルであるとき,およびそのときに限り a0a1a2 ,…,an を頂点にもつ n 次元単体といわれる。 n 次元単体の各点 x は,xΣλiai によってただ1通りに表わされる。ここに Σλi=1 ( λi≧0 ) である。すなわち n 次元単体は,n 次元ベクトル空間における最も簡単な凸集合である。 a0a1a2 ,…,an を,n 次元ユークリッド空間の n+1 個の点 A0 ,A1 ,A2 ,…,An の位置ベクトルと考えれば,0次元単体は1点 A0 ,1次元単体は A0 ,A1 を端点とする線分,2次元単体は A0 ,A1 ,A2 を頂点とする三角形,3次元単体は A0 ,A1 ,A2 ,A3 を頂点とする四面体,また一般に n 次元単体は,A0 ,A1 ,A2 ,…,An を頂点とする図形として表わすことができる。

単体
たんたい
simple substance

ただ1種の元素から成る物質で,普通の物理的,化学的方法では2種以上の物質に分けることのできないものをいう。純粋な物質は単体と化合物に大別される。

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