A bounded convex set S with n +1 points (vectors) a0 , a1 , a2 , ..., an in an n -dimensional vector space is called an n -dimensional simplex with a0 , a1 , a2 , ..., an as its vertices if and only if a1 - a0 , a2 - a0 , ... , an - a0 are linearly independent vectors. Each point x in an n - dimensional simplex can be represented in exactly one way by xΣλi ai , where Σλi = 1 ( λi ≧ 0). In other words, an n -dimensional simplex is the simplest convex set in an n - dimensional vector space. If we consider a0 , a1 , a2 , ..., an to be the position vectors of n + 1 points A0 , A1 , A2 , ..., An in n- dimensional Euclidean space, then a 0-dimensional simplex can be represented as the single point A0 , a 1-dimensional simplex as a line segment with A0 and A1 as endpoints, a 2-dimensional simplex as a triangle with A0 , A1 , and A2 as vertices, a 3-dimensional simplex as a tetrahedron with A0 , A1 , A2 , and A3 as vertices, and in general, an n -dimensional simplex can be represented as a figure with A0 , A1 , A2 , ..., An as vertices. Single unit |
n 次元ベクトル空間の n+1 個の点 (ベクトル) a0 ,a1 ,a2 ,…,an を頂点にもつ有界な凸集合 S は,a1-a0 ,a2-a0 ,…,an-a0 が1次独立なベクトルであるとき,およびそのときに限り a0 ,a1 ,a2 ,…,an を頂点にもつ n 次元単体といわれる。 n 次元単体の各点 x は,xΣλiai によってただ1通りに表わされる。ここに Σλi=1 ( λi≧0 ) である。すなわち n 次元単体は,n 次元ベクトル空間における最も簡単な凸集合である。 a0 ,a1 ,a2 ,…,an を,n 次元ユークリッド空間の n+1 個の点 A0 ,A1 ,A2 ,…,An の位置ベクトルと考えれば,0次元単体は1点 A0 ,1次元単体は A0 ,A1 を端点とする線分,2次元単体は A0 ,A1 ,A2 を頂点とする三角形,3次元単体は A0 ,A1 ,A2 ,A3 を頂点とする四面体,また一般に n 次元単体は,A0 ,A1 ,A2 ,…,An を頂点とする図形として表わすことができる。
単体
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