Maring, Hendricus

Japanese: マーリン（英語表記）Maring， Hendricus

Born: 1883. Rotterdam
[Died] 1942
Dutch socialist and revolutionary. His real name was J. Sneevliet. Marlin was an alias in Comintern. After graduating from middle school, he worked for a railway company in the Netherlands and became involved in labor union activities at an early stage. In 1914, he organized the East Indies Social Democratic Association, which was centered around Dutch socialists, in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). In 1919, he was expelled from Indonesia by the Dutch authorities and returned to China. At the Second Congress of Comintern held in Moscow in July-August 1920, he served as secretary of the Committee on Ethnic and Colonial Affairs and supported the theses of V. Lenin. In 1921, he was appointed Comintern representative in China, and in June he came into contact with Chen Duxiu and others in the Shanghai Concession, and in July he attended the First Congress of the Communist Party of China. In December, he visited the headquarters of the Northern Expedition Army in Guilin and met with Sun Yat-sen, explaining the current situation in Soviet Russia to him. He also recommended reorganizing the Kuomintang into a party that would include both workers and peasants, establishing a military academy, and forming an alliance between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, which led Sun Yat-sen to take the plunge into Kuomintang-Communist cooperation. In August 1922, he attended the Communist Party Central Committee plenary session held in Hangzhou, where he decided that Communist Party members should join the Kuomintang. He also attended the Third Party Congress in June 1923, where the policy of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation was decided. He later returned to the Netherlands and became the Dutch representative of Comintern, but left the Communist Party and became a member of the House of Representatives. He was killed by the Nazis during World War II.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1883. ロッテルダム
[没]1942
オランダの社会主義者，革命家。本名は J.スネーブリート。マーリンはコミンテルン内の別名。中学卒業後，オランダの鉄道会社に勤務，早くから労働組合活動に入り，1914年オランダ領東インド (現インドネシア) でオランダ人社会主義者を中心とする東インド社会民主主義協会を組織，19年オランダ当局によりインドネシアから追放されて帰国。 20年7～8月モスクワで開かれたコミンテルン第2回大会で民族・植民地問題委員会書記をつとめ，V.レーニンのテーゼを支持した。 21年中国駐在コミンテルン代表に任命され，6月上海租界で陳独秀らと接触し，7月中国共産党一全大会に出席。 12月桂林に北伐軍の大本営を訪れて孫文に会見し，孫文にソビエト・ロシアの現状を説明するとともに，国民党の労働者，農民を包含する党への改組，軍官学校の創設，国民党と共産党の提携を進言し，孫文を国共合作に踏切らせる契機をつくった。 22年8月杭州で開かれた共産党中央委員会総会に出席して，共産党員の国民党加入を決定させた。 23年6月の共産党三全大会にも出席し，この大会で国共合作方針が決定された。のちオランダに帰り，コミンテルンのオランダ代表となったが，共産党を離れ，下院議員となり，第2次世界大戦中ナチスに殺された。

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