Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von

Japanese: ワレンシュタイン（英語表記）Wallenstein， Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von

Born: September 24, 1583, Hežmanice, Bohemia
Died: February 25, 1634. Bohemian, Hebe. Bohemian name: Valdšteina. Born into a minor Bohemian Lutheran noble family. Later converted to Catholicism. Played an active role as a military commander in suppressing the Bohemian rebellion that started the Thirty Years' War. Utilizing the inheritance of his wife who died young and the coinage privilege granted to him by Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II in recognition of his achievements, he bought up the lands of the Bohemian Protestant nobles that had been confiscated, and built a large estate in northeastern Bohemia. In 1623, he gained imperial prince status as Prince of Friedland. In 1625, he provided the emperor with a large mercenary army that he had raised with his own capital and personally led. After this, together with J. Tilly, he played an active role as the most powerful general in the imperial and Catholic armies in the Thirty Years' War. He was dismissed in 1830 due to the maneuverings of the Duke of Bavaria, who feared his political ambition, but was called back into service when the Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus joined the war. He was defeated by the Swedish army at the Battle of Lützen, but he killed Gustavus II in battle. He then took an arbitrary approach, such as independently negotiating peace with the Protestant princes, and was assassinated by the Emperor's assassins. He was a rare great mercenary commander who combined entrepreneurial spirit with military talent, and the military tax he implemented became a model for the new tax system of absolutist monarchs such as Brandenburg after the Thirty Years' War. He was also famous for being portrayed by Schiller as a typical mercenary commander.

Wallenstein
Wallenstein

A tragedy by German playwright and poet Schiller. A trilogy consisting of Wallenstein's Camp (1798), Die Piccolomini (99), and Wallenstein's Death (99). The background of this play is the result of Schiller's research on Geschichte des dreissigjährigen Krieges (91-93), which he conducted while lecturing at university, and depicts the fate of Wallenstein, a military commander who played an active role in the Thirty Years' War. Based on ancient Greek fate plays, Shakespeare's historical dramas, and modern Germanic character dramas, Schiller succeeded in creating a grand German tragedy.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1583.9.24. ボヘミア，ヘジュマニツェ
[没]1634.2.25. ボヘミア，ヘバ
ボヘミアの軍人。ボヘミア名ワルトシュテイン Valdšteina。ボヘミアのルター派小貴族の出身。のちカトリックに改宗。三十年戦争の発端となったボヘミアの反乱の鎮圧に武将として活躍。早世した妻の遺産や，功によって神聖ローマ皇帝フェルディナント2世から与えられた鋳貨特権を活用して，没収されたボヘミア新教貴族の所領を買い集め，ボヘミア東北部に大領地を建設。 1623年フリートラント侯として帝国諸侯身分を得た。 25年自己資本で徴募し，みずから統率する大傭兵軍を皇帝に提供，これ以後，J.ティリーとともに三十年戦争における皇帝・旧教軍の最も有力な将軍として活躍した。その政治的野心を恐れるバイエルン公らの策動で，30年にいったん罷免されたが，スウェーデン王グスタフ2世 (グスタフ・アドルフ) の参戦によって再び起用され，リュッツェンの戦いでスウェーデン軍に敗れたが，グスタフ2世を陣没させた。その後，独自に新教諸侯側との和平交渉を進めるなど，専断的な行動が目立ったので，皇帝の刺客の手で暗殺された。企業家的精神と軍事的才幹が結びついたまれにみる大傭兵隊長で，彼の実施した軍税は，三十年戦争ののち，ブランデンブルクなどの絶対主義的君主の新しい租税制度のモデルとなった。またシラーによって傭兵隊長の典型として描かれ，著名となった。

ワレンシュタイン
Wallenstein

ドイツの劇作家，詩人シラーの悲劇。『ワレンシュタインの陣営』 Wallensteins Lager (1798) ，『ピッコロミーニ父子』 Die Piccolomini (99) ，『ワレンシュタインの死』 Wallensteins Tod (99) から成る3部作。この劇の背景にはシラーが大学で講義するかたわら研究した『三十年戦争史』 Geschichte des dreissigjährigen Krieges (91～93) の成果がみられ，三十年戦争に活躍した武将ワレンシュタインの運命を描いている。古代ギリシアの運命劇とシェークスピア史劇，さらに近代ゲルマンの性格劇に基づいて，壮大なドイツ悲劇の創造に成功した。

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