Spanish epic poem. Author unknown. Traditionally, the prevailing theory was that it was written around 1140, but in recent years, an increasing number of scholars have argued that it was written in the early 13th century. Of the three surviving Spanish epics, it is the oldest and has been passed down in the form closest to the original. It is believed that the first one or two pages have been lost, and all that remains are 3,730 lines in total. This epic poem is based on the real military commander Rodrigo Dias de Vivar, who was called "my Cid" (master) by the Muslims. Having incurred the displeasure of King Alfonso, Cid said goodbye to his wife and daughters and set off on a journey of exile with his subordinates. He served a small Muslim country that controlled half of the Iberian Peninsula at the time, gradually building up his power, conquering Valencia to become its ruler, and taking his wife and daughters. The king, who had appeased his anger, married Cid's two daughters to the two sons of the Count of Carrion, but they were unhappy with marrying the daughters of the upstart Cid. Furthermore, their cowardice in the battle against the Moors made them laugh, so the two men thought of taking revenge on his wife. They took her to the forest of Colpes, stripped them naked, beat them with tree branches, and left them half dead, leaving them behind. Cid appeals to the king for justice. During the trial, the kings of Navarre and Aragon ask for Cid's daughter as a wife for their sons, which King Alfonso grants. The story ends with the two princes losing a match against Cid's nephew and admitting their wrongdoing. This epic poem is written realistically with little exaggeration, and the protagonist, Cid, acts according to his human desires, and there is no sense of holy war against Muslims. However, as the Kingdom of Castile gains control of Spain, Cid also transforms into a national hero. [Kuwana Kazuhiro] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スペインの叙事詩。作者不詳。従来は1140年ごろの作とする説が支配的であったが、近年は13世紀初頭に書かれたと主張する学者が増えている。現存するスペインの三つの叙事詩のなかではもっとも古く、かつ、いちばん原形に近い形で伝わっている。冒頭の1ページないしは2ページが散逸したと考えられており、現存するのは全3730行である。 この叙事詩はイスラム教徒たちから「わがシッド(主人)」とよばれていた実在の武将ロドリーゴ・ディーアス・デ・ビバールをモデルにして、史実に従って書かれている。アルフォンソ国王の不興を買ったシッドは、妻や娘たちに別れを告げて部下とともに追放の旅に出る。彼は当時イベリア半島のなかばを支配していたイスラム教徒の小国に仕えたりしながら、しだいに自分の力を蓄え、バレンシアを征服して支配者となり、妻や娘たちを迎える。怒りを和らげた国王はシッドの2人の娘をカリオン伯の2人の息子と結婚させるが、彼らは成り上がり者のシッドの娘との結婚に不満であった。さらにモーロ人との戦いで彼らの臆病(おくびょう)ぶりがもの笑いになったこともあって、2人は妻に対して腹いせを考える。妻を連れ出した2人はコルペスの森にくると彼女たちを裸にして、木の枝で打ちのめして半死半生のめにあわせ、置き去りにしてしまう。シッドは国王に訴えて裁きを求める。この裁きの最中にナバラとアラゴンの国王が、彼らの息子たちの嫁としてシッドの娘を欲しがり、アルフォンソ王がそれを認める。物語は、2人の王子がシッドの甥(おい)と試合をして敗れ、自らの非を認めるところで終わっている。 この叙事詩は誇張が少なく写実的に書かれていて、主人公のシッドにしても、人間的な欲望に従って行動しており、そこにはイスラム教徒に対する聖戦意識のようなものは感じられない。しかしカスティーリャ王国がスペインの主導権を握るにつれて、シッドも国民的英雄へと変貌(へんぼう)する。 [桑名一博] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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