Ten Waka Poems - Wakajittei

Japanese: 和歌十体 - わかじってい

A term used in the study of waka poetry. A general term for the 10 styles of waka poetry (the appearance of a poem based on a style of poetry). It also refers to a book on waka poetry that shows the 10 styles through examples. The division of waka poetry into 10 styles was seen as early as the Nara period in the Utakyo Hyoshiki, but this was done from various perspectives, such as style, ideas, and expressive techniques, and the classification criteria were not consistent. A division based on style is found in the mid-Heian period work Tadamine Mibu's Tadamine Jutai (Tadamine Jutai), which shows the influence of Chinese poetics. The late Heian period work Ogisho includes the Dosei Jutai (Dosai Jutai) (a lost book). The Kamakura period work "Teika Ten Styles" by Fujiwara Teika is the most well-known, and it sets out ten styles: "Yugen-style," "Choko-style," "Ushin-style," "Kotoshikarubeki-style," "Ei-style," "Ken-style," "Omoshiro-style," "Kou-style," "Hitofushiaru-style," and "Raki-style," and lists examples of each. Teika also mentions the ten styles in "Monthly Commentary," and explains that the four basic styles are "Yugen-style," "Ei-style," and "Ushin-style," and that among them, "Ushin-style" is the most central. However, there is also a theory that "Teika Ten Styles" is a forgery. There is also apparently a work called "Ryokyo-shi Ten Styles," which was later used in discussions of linked verse and Noh.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

歌論用語。和歌の 10の風体 (ふうてい。歌風に基づく一首としての姿) の総称。また，10の風体を例歌によって示した歌学書をもさす。歌を 10体に分けることは早く奈良時代の『歌経標式』にみられるが，これは歌体，発想，表現技巧などさまざまな観点から分けたもので，分類の基準は一貫していない。風体のうえから分けたものとしては平安時代中期に壬生忠岑 (みぶのただみね) の『忠岑十体』 (『和歌体十種』) があり，これには中国詩学の影響が認められる。平安後期の『奥義抄』には『道済十体』 (佚書) がみえる。鎌倉時代の藤原定家の『定家十体』は最も知られ，これは「幽玄様」「長高様」「有心 (うしん) 様」「事可然 (ことしかるべき) 様」「麗様」「見様」「面白様」「濃様」「有一節 (ひとふしある) 様」「拉鬼様」の 10を設け，それぞれ例歌を掲げている。定家は『毎月抄』でも十体に言及し，「幽玄様」「事可然様」「麗様」「有心体」の4体が基本であり，なかでも「有心体」が最も中心であることを説いている。しかし『定家十体』は偽書とする説もある。『良経詩十体』というものもあったらしく，のちには連歌論，能楽論でも唱えられた。

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