The capital of Ghana, West Africa. It is the administrative, commercial, industrial, transportation, and cultural center of the country. It has a population of 1,551,200 (2001 estimate). Facing the Gulf of Guinea, it spans coastal terraces and the lowlands between them. The city is home to the Kore Lagoon, which is formed by the damming of the Odau River with a sandbar. When the Portuguese first arrived in this area in 1482, it was a fishing village inhabited by an ethnic group called Ga. Later, trading posts (forts) were built on the coast by the British, Dutch, Danish, and others, and commercial trade with Europe flourished, forming the core settlement of present-day Accra. The name Accra is said to be a corrupted version of the Akan word nkran (meaning black ant). The city has often been hit by earthquakes, and there is a record of the city being almost completely destroyed in 1862. In 1887, it became the capital of the British Gold Coast, and developed into an administrative and commercial center. Furthermore, Governor Guggisberg's Ten-Year Plan (1920-1930) promoted systematic urban planning, and basic social facilities such as roads and water supply, as well as educational and health facilities such as schools and hospitals, were developed. The population was approximately 38,000 in 1921, but rapidly increased with social and economic development to 61,000 in 1931 and 136,000 in 1948. Before the Ghanaian government implemented a policy of expelling foreigners in 1969, local Ga made up approximately 40% of the population, with the majority being immigrant Akan and Ebbe, Nigerians, Togolese and other foreigners. It is the starting point of the country's rail and road networks, and Ghana International Airport is located 12 km to the northeast. A highway runs between the city and the outer port of Tema, 29 km to the east. There are also many educational facilities, including the University of Ghana, and various cultural facilities, and there is a memorial statue of Hideyo Noguchi, who died here in 1928 while researching yellow fever. [Hiromitsu Nakamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
西アフリカ、ガーナの首都。同国の行政、商工業、交通、文化の中心地である。人口155万1200(2001推計)。ギニア湾に面し、海岸段丘とそれに挟まれた低地にまたがり、市内にはオダウ川が砂州でせき止められたコーレ潟湖がある。1482年この地域にポルトガル人が初めて渡来したときは、ガGaとよばれる民族集団が住む漁村であった。その後、イギリス人、オランダ人、デンマーク人などによる貿易基地(城塞(じょうさい))が海岸地帯に建設され、ヨーロッパとの商取引が盛んになり、現在のアクラの中核となる集落が形成された。アクラという地名は、アカン語のンクランnkran(黒アリの意)がなまったものといわれている。しばしば地震にみまわれ、とくに1862年に市のほとんどが壊滅した記録がある。1887年イギリス領ゴールド・コーストの首都となり、行政、商業の中心地として発展した。また、グッギスバーグ総督による十か年計画(1920~1930)によって組織的な都市計画が進められ、道路、水道などの基礎的社会施設や学校、病院など教育、保健施設が整備された。1921年の人口は約3万8000人であったが、1931年に6万1000人、1948年には13万6000人と、社会、経済的発展とともに急増した。1969年にガーナ政府が外国人追放政策をとる前には、現地のガは住民の約40%で、移住民のアカン、エベやナイジェリア人、トーゴ人などの外国人が多かった。 国内の鉄道および道路網の起点で、北東12キロメートルにガーナ国際空港がある。東方29キロメートルにある外港テマとの間には高速道路が通じる。ガーナ大学をはじめ教育施設、各種の文化施設も充実しており、1928年黄熱病(おうねつびょう)研究中にこの地で死んだ野口英世(ひでよ)の記念像がある。 [中村弘光] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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