Cabotage (English spelling)

Japanese: カボタージュ（英語表記）cabotage

Coastal trade. The transportation of passengers or cargo between two points within a country. Originally established and developed as an international custom in maritime transport, a country could freely exclude foreign ships from seafaring trade along its coasts, reserving it only for its own ships. This maritime custom was brought to air transport as "air cabotage", where air transport between two points within a country's territory is usually permitted only for its own aircraft, with foreign aircraft being excluded (Convention on International Civil Aviation 7). Originally it referred to transport between ports on the same geographical coast of a country (petit cabotage), but it has recently shown a tendency to expand. Grand cabotage, which transports between two points in a home country and an overseas territory, is generally permitted for aircraft, but is increasingly being reserved for the home country's own ships as well.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

沿岸貿易。1国内の2地点間の旅客または貨物の運送をいう。元来海上運送において国際慣習として成立し，発達したもので，国家は自国沿岸の航海貿易から自由に外国船舶を排除し，これを自国船舶にのみ留保することができた。この海上慣習が航空運送に持込まれたものが「エア・カボタージュ」で，1国の領域内の2地点間の航空運送は，自国機にのみ許可し，外国機は排除されるのが普通である (国際民間航空条約7) 。もとは1国の地理的に同一沿岸の港の間の運送をいったが (プチ・カボタージュ) ，近時拡大傾向にある。本国と海外領域の2地点間を運送するグラン・カボタージュ grand cabotageは，航空機の場合は一般的に認められるが，船舶についても次第に自国船舶に留保される傾向にある。

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