Treaties of Rome

Japanese: ローマ条約 - ローマじょうやく(英語表記)Treaties of Rome
Treaties of Rome
The Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) came into force on January 1, 1958. It is also called the EEC Treaty. It is commonly known as the Treaty of Rome because it was signed in Rome on March 25, 1957 by six countries: France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. It consists of 248 articles, ancillary protocols, nine protocols on the European Investment Bank, trade between East and West Germany, and special issues for France, Italy, and Luxembourg, three agreements on the association of overseas territories, imports of bananas and coffee, and an agreement and final act on common institutions. The primary goal of the Treaty was to complete a single common market called the EEC within 12 years, and it also touted a dense economic integration, including the free movement of labor and capital within the region, and the establishment of common policies in a wide range of areas such as agriculture, transportation, commerce, finance, and society, and introduced new vitality to the international economy after World War II. The creation of the common market under the Treaty of Rome proceeded smoothly thereafter, and the so-called customs union was achieved in July 1968, one and a half years ahead of schedule, with the abolition of internal tariffs and the establishment of a common external tariff. In May 1967, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and Norway also applied for membership. After many twists and turns, including two refusals by French President C. de Gaulle, the four countries signed the accession treaty in Brussels on January 22, 1972, and the expanded EC was launched with nine countries on January 1, 1973 (Norway did not join due to a majority vote against in a national referendum), Greece joined on January 1, 1981, and Spain and Portugal joined in 1988, bringing the total to 12 countries. Having achieved a customs union, the EC also passed the Common Agricultural Financial Regulation on March 6, 1970. At the summit held in Maastricht, Netherlands on December 7, 1991, the leaders agreed to the creation of the European Union (EU), which was based on common foreign and security policies and economic and monetary integration based on a single currency (ECU), and agreed to revise the Treaty of Rome. Based on this agreement, the Maastricht Treaty was signed in February 1992 and came into effect on November 1 of the same year.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
1958年1月1日発効した「ヨーロッパ経済共同体 EECを設立する条約」。 EEC条約ともいわれる。 57年3月 25日フランス,西ドイツ,イタリア,ベルギー,オランダ,ルクセンブルクの6ヵ国によってローマで調印されたため,ローマ条約と通称される。本文 248条,その付属議定書,ヨーロッパ投資銀行,東西両ドイツ間の貿易,フランス,イタリア,ルクセンブルク各国の特殊問題などの9議定書,海外領域との連合,バナナ,コーヒーの輸入についての3協約,共通機関に関する協約および最終調書より構成されている。 EECという単一の共同市場を 12年間で完成することを第一の目標とし,そのほか域内における労働や資本の移動の自由,さらに農業,運輸,通商,金融,社会という広範な分野にわたる共通政策の樹立など密度の濃い経済統合をうたい,第2次世界大戦後の国際経済に新しい活力を導入した。ローマ条約による共同市場の創設はその後順調に進み,域内関税の撤廃,対外共通関税の設定など,いわゆる関税同盟は予定より1年半早く 68年7月に達成された。また前年の 67年5月,新たにイギリス,アイルランド,デンマーク,ノルウェーが加盟を申請。フランスの C.ドゴール大統領の2回にわたる加盟拒否など紆余曲折を経て 72年1月 22日,上記4ヵ国がブリュッセルで加盟条約に調印,73年1月1日から9ヵ国による拡大 ECが発足し (ノルウェーは国民投票の結果,反対多数で結局加盟しなかった) ,81年1月1日ギリシアが加盟し,さらに 88年にはスペインとポルトガルが加盟して 12ヵ国となった。関税同盟を達成した ECは 70年3月6日,共通農業財政規則をも成立させた。 91年 12月7日にオランダのマーストリヒトで開かれた首脳会議で,外交・安全保障政策の共通化と単一通貨 ECUを基礎とした経済・通貨統合をはかることを骨子とする欧州連合 EUの創設に合意し,ローマ条約の改訂に合意した。 92年2月この合意を基礎にマーストリヒト条約が調印され同年 11月1日発効した。

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