It is one of the most common pollution-related diseases caused by air pollution. Around 1962, asthma-like illnesses occurred frequently in Yokkaichi City, Mie Prefecture. Meanwhile, a large-scale petrochemical complex in the coastal industrial area of Yokkaichi City began production in 1960, emitting large amounts of sulfur dioxide gas. Yoshida Katsumi (1923- ) and others from the Public Health Department of the Mie University School of Medicine investigated the cause of these asthma-like illnesses, and found that the area where the patients occurred was downwind from the sulfur dioxide gas source of the complex and was also the landing point of the gas, and that there was a high correlation between sulfur dioxide gas concentration and asthma attacks. They concluded that the high incidence of this illness was due to the sulfur dioxide gas emitted from the complex. In addition to asthma, colds, tonsillitis, and conjunctivitis also occurred frequently in areas polluted by sulfur dioxide gas. The incidence of new cases of these diseases has been significantly reduced through measures such as switching from high-sulfur Middle Eastern fuel oil to low-sulfur fuel oil, installing desulfurization equipment, and converting 60-meter chimneys to taller chimneys of 150 to 200 meters to reduce the spread of sulfur dioxide gas. Yokkaichi asthma is also known as the Yokkaichi Pollution Lawsuit, and although the patients won the case, this trial influenced subsequent total air pollution controls, revisions to environmental standards for sulfur dioxide gas, and the enactment of the Pollution-Related Health Damage Compensation Act. [Sadayoshi Shigeta] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
大気汚染による代表的な公害病の一つである。 1962年(昭和37)ころより三重県四日市市に喘息様の病気が多発した。一方、1960年から四日市市の臨海工業地帯の大規模な石油コンビナートが生産活動を開始し、大量の亜硫酸ガスを排出した。三重大学医学部公衆衛生学教室の吉田克巳(かつみ)(1923― )らはこの喘息様疾患の原因について調査を行い、患者の発生地区がコンビナートの亜硫酸ガス排出源の風下であって亜硫酸ガスの着地点でもあること、亜硫酸ガス濃度と喘息発作との間に高い相関があることなどを明らかにし、この疾患の多発はコンビナートから排出される亜硫酸ガスによると結論した。また、喘息のほかに感冒、扁桃(へんとう)炎、結膜炎なども亜硫酸ガスの汚染地域に多く発生した。これらの疾患は、中近東系の硫黄(いおう)含量の多い重油から低硫黄重油への切り換え、脱硫装置の設置、60メートル級の煙突から150~200メートルの高煙突への変換による亜硫酸ガスの拡散などの対策により、新発生は著しく減少した。 四日市喘息は四日市公害訴訟としても有名であり、患者側の勝訴に終わったが、この裁判はその後の大気汚染の総量規制、亜硫酸ガス環境基準の改正、公害健康被害補償法の制定などに影響を与えた。 [重田定義] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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