Pompe - Pompe van Meerdervoort, Johannes L. C.

Japanese: ポンペ - ＰｏｍｐｅｖａｎＭｅｅｒｄｅｒｖｏｏｒｔ，ＪｏｈａｎｎｅｓＬ．Ｃ．

Year of death: 1908.10.7 (1908.10.7)
Born: May 5, 1829
He was the first man in Japan to systematically implement modern medical education. His correct name was Pompe van Meedervoort. He was born in Brugge, Holland (Bruges, Belgium), and graduated from the Army Medical School in Utrecht in 1849. He was appointed a third-class military surgeon, and served on a warship of the East India Company from 1850. In 1857 (Ansei 4), he came to Japan on the Kanrin Maru as a second-class military surgeon for the Second Naval Training Expedition (Captain Kattendiecke). He began teaching medicine at the request of the Japanese side, and first taught Matsumoto Ryojun (Jun) and others physics, chemistry, and botany at the Nagasaki West Office, making it known that Western medical education begins with basic studies. He also recommended to the shogunate that a hospital was necessary for full-scale medical education, and in 1861 (Bunkyu 1), he completed the Nagasaki Sanitarium and Nagasaki Medical Institute. These became Japan's first modern Western medical school and hospital. During the great cholera epidemic in 1858, he was in charge of epidemic prevention. As the content of education was fundamentally different from Western medicine based on Dutch studies, people from all over Japan flocked to the Nagasaki Sanatorium in search of new knowledge. 133 people received direct instruction, and 14,530 people were treated. In 1862, he returned to Japan with the first group of students from the shogunate, and continued to look after them after returning home. He opened a practice in The Hague, and as a member of the Central Committee of the Red Cross, he represented the Red Cross medical team dispatched to the Franco-Prussian War. In 1874, he assisted Enomoto Takeaki, the Japanese envoy to Russia, for two years as a diplomatic advisor, and after returning from Russia, he opened a practice in Bergen op Zoom. He also started oyster farming, but was hit hard by the cold wave of 1890 and went bankrupt. In his later years, he traveled around Belgium, and passed away in Brussels. He introduced Japan at the end of the Edo period in his book Pompe's Stay in Japan (1866). <References> Nagasaki University School of Medicine, edited "A Hundred Years of Medicine in Nagasaki," Ishida Junro et al., "Modernization of Medicine and Foreign Visitors to Japan"

(Shizu Sakai)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：1908.10.7(1908.10.7)
生年：1829.5.5
近代医学教育を日本ではじめて組織的に実施した。名は正しくはポンペ・ファン・メールデルフォールト。オランダのブルッフェ(ベルギーのブルージュ)に生まれ,1849年にユトレヒトの陸軍医学校を卒業。3等軍医に任命されて,1850年から東インド会社の軍艦に乗船。安政4(1857)年に第2次海軍伝習派遣隊(隊長カッテンデイケ)の2等軍医として咸臨丸で来日。日本側の要望で医学を教えることになり,はじめ長崎西役所で松本良順(順)らに物理,化学,植物学を教えて,西洋医学教育が基礎的学問から始まることを知らしめた。さらに本格的な医学教育には病院が必要と幕府に建議し,文久1(1861)年に長崎養生所と長崎医学所を完成させた。これが日本最初の近代的西洋医学校と病院となった。安政5年のコレラ大流行時には防疫指導に当たった。その教育内容が蘭学による西洋医学と根本から異なったことから,全国から新知識を求める者が長崎養生所に集まった。直接教育を受けた者が133名,治療を受けた者が14530名を数えた。文久2年に最初の幕府留学生を伴って帰国し,帰国後も留学生の世話を続けた。ハーグで開業,また赤十字中央委員会のメンバーとして普仏戦争で赤十字派遣医療団の代表を務めた。1874年に外交顧問として2年間榎本武揚日露公使を助け,ロシアから帰国後はベルヘン・オプ・ゾームで開業。牡蠣養殖も始めたが,1890年の寒波で大打撃を受けて倒産。晩年はベルギーの各地を転々とし,ブリュッセルで没した。著書『ポンペ日本滞在見聞記』(1866)で幕末の日本を紹介した。<参考文献>長崎大学医学部編『長崎医学百年史』,石田純郎他『医学の近代化と来日外国人』

(酒井シヅ)

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