Street vendor

Japanese: 露天商 - ろてんしょう
Street vendor

Small merchants who sell goods by displaying them on the street. Street vendors. They have been around since the 18th century. They were called hoshimise in Kamigata and tentoboshi in Edo, and their main products were small items, food and drink, antiques, and used books. In the 19th century, they made a living from night stands, which began in Osaka and Edo, or festivals. In the late 19th century, amidst the drastic economic changes, bankrupt merchants and semi-unemployed people joined the street vendors in large numbers, increasing their numbers, and these semi-amateurs were controlled by the old guard and yashi (target vendors). As a result, some groups were forced to form their own organizations.

In any case, the items these street vendors, who needed licenses to sell, were mostly fixed: semi-amateurs sold small items, toys, candy, sweets, kuzu mochi, sushi, oden, amazake, and kosui (ice cream confectionery), while the professional incense makers sold toothpaste, soap, ceramics, and other items using their own unique sales pitches. Although the types of businesses have changed considerably since the Second World War, the majority of the goods sold remain second-rate or non-qualified.

[Motoo Endo]

"The Life of a Incense Maker" by Tomomichi Soeda (1964, Yuzankaku Publishing)

[Reference] | Kagushi

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

露天の路上に品物を並べて商う露店、辻店の小商人。大道商人。18世紀からみられる。上方(かみがた)では干店(ほしみせ)、江戸では天道干(てんとうぼし)といい、小間物、飲食物、古道具、古本などをおもな商品とした。19世紀になると、大坂、江戸に始まった夜見店(よみせ)、または縁日などを生業(なりわい)の場所とした。19世紀末には激しい経済変動のなかで倒産した商人や半失業者たちが大挙して露天商の仲間入りをしてその数を増やしたため、半素人(しろうと)の彼らは旧勢力や香具師(やし)(的(てき)屋)らによって統制された。このため、やむなく独自の組織をつくるグループも現れた。

 いずれにしろ、鑑札を必要とする彼ら露天商の扱う品はほぼ決まっており、半素人は、小間物、玩具(がんぐ)、飴(あめ)、菓子や葛餅(くずもち)、すし、おでん、甘酒、氷水などを商い、また専門職(プロ)である香具師らは、歯みがき粉、せっけん、陶磁器などを独特の口上によって商った。第二次世界大戦後、業態はかなり変わってきているが、商品に二級品や不合格品の多い点は相変わらずである。

[遠藤元男]

『添田知道著『香具師の生活』(1964・雄山閣出版)』

[参照項目] | 香具師

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