Russian philosopher, religious thinker, and literary critic. Born into a family of local government officials, he lost both his parents at a young age. After graduating from Moscow University's Faculty of History and Philosophy, he taught history and geography at a local middle school while writing on the themes of religion, philosophy, history, and culture. In 1893, he was employed by the censorship bureau in the capital, St. Petersburg, and soon became a regular contributor to the newspaper New Times. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, he published a series of essays, including Literary Sketches, The Light of Enlightenment, Religion and Culture, and Culture and History. Around this time, while he associated with Symbolist and decadent writers, he also began to actively participate in discussions at the Society of Religion and Philosophy organized by Merezhkovsky. The purpose of the society was to interpret Christianity in a modern way, and one of its themes was Christian attitudes toward sex. Rozanov emphasized the metaphysical and religious importance of human sexual activity, claiming that sex is a bond to God and an important aspect of the divine problem. He criticized Christianity, which emphasized chastity and virginity, and highly praised the ancient Near Eastern sun god worship and the Hebrew religion of the Old Testament, which were both positive toward sex. The issue of marriage and family, which are the embodiment of sex, was another pillar of his thought, and in this respect he rejected Christianity as a religion of "burial rather than marriage" (In the World of the Unclear and Uncertain and Family Problems in Russia). His argument was an inevitable challenge to the establishment of Christian doctrine, which was necessary for Russia to be reborn religiously in a new era. His works include The Legend of Dostoyevsky's Great Inquisitor (1894), By the Church Wall (1906), The Russian Church (1907), Dark Faces: Christian Metaphysics (1911), The People of the Moon: Christian Metaphysics II (1913), The Modern Apocalypse (1918), and many others. [Fujiya Soichi] "Study of Dostoevsky: On the Legend of the Great Inquisitor" (translated by Noboru Kanzaki, 1962, Yayoi Shobo) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアの哲学者、宗教思想家、文芸批評家。地方官吏の家庭に生まれ、幼くして両親に死別。モスクワ大学歴史哲学部卒業後は地方の中学校で歴史と地理を教えるかたわら、宗教、哲学、歴史、文化などをテーマに著作活動を行う。1893年に首都ペテルブルグの検閲局に就職し、まもなく『新時代』紙の定期的な寄稿者となる。世紀末から20世紀初頭にかけて『文学スケッチ』『啓蒙(けいもう)の光』『宗教と文化』『文化と歴史』といった論文を次々と発表。このころ、シンボリストやデカダン作家たちと交わる一方、メレシコフスキーの主催する宗教哲学会の議論に積極的に加わるようになった。この会の目的はキリスト教を現代的に解釈することにあり、その一つが性に対するキリスト教の態度であった。ローザノフは人間の性行為の形而上(けいじじょう)的宗教的重要性を説き、性は神へ至る絆(きずな)であり、神の問題の重要な側面であると主張して、純潔と童貞を強調するキリスト教を批判し、性に対して肯定的であった古代近東の太陽神信仰やヘブライ人の『旧約聖書』の宗教を高く評価した。この性の具象化である結婚と家族という問題が彼の思想のもう一つの柱をなしており、この点でもキリスト教を「結婚よりむしろ埋葬」の宗教として否定した(『不明瞭(めいりょう)で不確定なものの世界にて』『ロシアの家族問題』)。このような彼の主張は、新しい時代を迎えてロシアが宗教的に再生するのに必要なキリスト教の教義確立のためになされた不可避的な挑戦であったといえる。『ドストエフスキーの大審問官伝説』(1894)、『教会の壁のそばで』(1906)、『ロシアの教会』(1907)、『暗い顔――キリスト教の形而上学』(1911)、『月世界の人々――キリスト教の形而上学Ⅱ』(1913)、『現代の黙示録』(1918)その他多数の著作がある。 [藤家壯一] 『神崎昇訳『ドストエフスキイ研究――大審問官の伝説について』(1962・弥生書房)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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