Marine ranch

Japanese: 海洋牧場 - かいようぼくじょう
Marine ranch

A future technology system that uses large areas of the ocean to manage and raise useful fish, crustaceans, and shellfish, providing a large supply of animal protein. The constituent technologies include: (1) seedling production technology, including parent fish rearing, egg collection, and hatching; (2) seedling rearing technology, in which seedlings are released into the ocean and fed and then protected and raised; (3) fishing ground management technology, such as providing nutrients to maintain a fishing ground suitable for rearing, ensuring dissolved oxygen, and improving water quality; (4) resource management and harvesting technology, such as monitoring the released schools using biological remote control, protecting spawning parent fish, classifying the harvest size, and harvesting; (5) environmental assessment and monitoring technology for marine pollution, water temperature, salinity, etc.; and (6) construction and installation technology for artificial fish reefs, artificial seaweed beds, artificial coral reefs, artificial upwelling currents, and wave-breaking devices. Improvements in these technologies will bring the technological feasibility of marine ranching, a future technology, closer.

Meanwhile, research is being conducted to utilize the excellent swimming, diving, and sound detection abilities of dolphins and sea lions as part of resource management techniques and to develop underwater work techniques. This is an ambitious attempt to use dolphins and sea lions to drive fish bred in marine ranches into the sea for harvesting, to eliminate harmful predators, and to isolate groups of infectious fish diseases. In addition, research and development is also being conducted on tethered robots (robots connected to a control device by cables) and untethered robots (robots without cables).

[Minoru Yamada]

[Reference items] | Artificial seaweed | Artificial seedling collection | Upwelling

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

有用な魚類、甲殻類、貝類などを海の大規模な区画を用いて管理育成し、動物タンパク質を多く供給する未来技術システム。この構成技術としては、(1)親魚の養成、採卵と孵化(ふか)を含めた種苗生産技術、(2)種苗を海域に放流して給餌(きゅうじ)し、保護育成する種苗育成技術、(3)成育に適した漁場を維持するための栄養補給、溶存酸素の確保、水質の改善などの漁場管理技術、(4)放流した群の生物学的遠隔操作などによる監視、産卵親魚の保護、収獲サイズの区別、収獲などの資源管理技術と収獲技術、(5)海洋汚染、水温・塩分などの環境評価監視技術、(6)人工魚礁、人工藻場(もば)、人工サンゴ礁、人工湧昇(ゆうしょう)流、消波装置などの造成や設置技術があり、これらの技術の向上によって、未来技術である海洋牧場の技術的な可能性は近づく。

 一方、資源管理技術の一環として、また水中作業技術の開発として、イルカやアシカの優れた遊泳能力、潜水能力、音による探知能力などの能力を利用する研究も行われている。これは、海洋牧場で養成した魚類の収獲時の追い込み、害敵の駆除、伝染性魚病グループの隔離などにイルカやアシカを活躍させようとする遠大な試みである。このほかに、有索ロボット(制御装置とケーブルで結ばれているロボット)、無索ロボット(ケーブルのないロボット)の研究開発なども進められている。

[山田 稔]

[参照項目] | 人工海藻 | 人工採苗 | 湧昇

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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