joint-stock company

Japanese: joint-stock company(英語表記)jointstockcompany
joint-stock company

…Company [Egashira Kenjiro]
[Development History]
As a typical modern corporate form, the corporation has many characteristics, but at its core it has the basic characteristics of a company with legal personality and a joint venture that combines many individual capitals. In America, the term "corporation" emphasizes the former character, while in Britain, the term "joint-stock company" emphasizes the latter character. Theories about the origins of corporations often relate to these two characteristics.

From the Company System

...Two categories of chartered companies can be distinguished. That is, regulated companies are essentially a collection of individual capitals, and each member maintains his or her individuality. Joint-stock companies are companies that concentrate the capital of their investors to carry out a single business activity. The former, often translated as "union," and can be said to be a direct descendant of medieval guilds, are typified by the Staple Company, which controlled wool exports from England in the 15th century, and the Merchant Adventurers, which monopolized woolen exports to Northwestern Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. Other examples include the Eastland Company (founded in 1579), which developed trade with the Baltic Sea, and the Levant Company (which monopolized trade with the Eastern Mediterranean and Turkey after being reorganized in 1592).

*Some of the terminology that refers to "joint-stock company" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…会社【江頭 憲治郎】
【発達史】
 株式会社は現代の代表的な企業形態として,さまざまの特徴をもつが,その根底には法人格をもつ企業,多くの個人資本を結合した共同企業,という基本的性格が認められる。株式会社をアメリカで〈コーポレーションcorporation〉というのは前者の性格を,イギリスで〈ジョイントストック・カンパニーjoint‐stock company〉という場合は後者の性格を強調した用語である。株式会社の起源をめぐる学説も,これら二つの性格にかかわることが多い。…

【カンパニー制度】より

…こうした特許会社には二つのカテゴリーが区別できる。すなわち,本質的に個別資本の集合体にすぎず,個々の構成員の主体性が維持されているレギュレーテッド・カンパニーregulated company(制規会社)と,出資者の資本を集中して単一の企業活動を行うジョイントストック・カンパニーjoint‐stock company(合本制会社)とである。しばしば〈組合〉の訳語があてられ,中世ギルドの直系といってよい前者は,15世紀にイギリスからの羊毛輸出を握っていたステープル・カンパニーや16,17世紀に北西欧への毛織物輸出を独占した冒険商人組合(マーチャント・アドベンチャラーズ)などに代表されるが,ほかにバルト海貿易を展開したイーストランド会社(1579創設)や1592年に改組されてからのレバント会社(東地中海・トルコ貿易を独占した)などがある。…

※「joint-stock company」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

<<:  joke

>>:  Joint resection

Recommend

Tetragonocalamus quadrangularis (Fenzi) Nakai

A medium-sized bamboo of the Poaceae family, also ...

Gold clause

A type of monetary value clause that is agreed up...

Tambour (English spelling) anbūr (Persian)

A general term for plucked stringed instruments o...

Offering - Offering

...Its doctrine strongly encouraged nembutsu and ...

Uri (cucumber) - Uri

A general term for plants in the Cucurbitaceae fa...

Silver jasmine - Silver jasmine

→Lunaria Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyP...

Basic type theory

…Organic compounds are classified into “types” ac...

Salto del Guaira (English spelling)

The name means "Seven Waterfalls." In P...

Kasuga

(The spelling "Kasuga" is derived from t...

Hargreaves, James

Born: January 8, 1721 (baptized) by Oswald Wissle ...

Moat - Kango

To surround something with a moat. To surround som...

Begging for forgiveness - Kikkosetsu

...The first thing that comes to mind in autumn i...

Carneades - Karneades (English spelling)

A skeptical Greek philosopher from Cyrene. He fou...

Masonry - Gypsum

〘 noun 〙 A person whose occupation is the processi...