Worker Education - Deaf Worker Education

Japanese: 労働者教育 - ろうどうしゃきょういく
Worker Education - Deaf Worker Education

It refers to education provided primarily to wage laborers as an extension of so-called school education by public educational institutions outside of school. Depending on the entity that implements it, workers' education can be broadly divided into (1) that implemented by independent organizations of the working class, such as labor unions, workers' education organizations, and workers' political parties, (2) that implemented by companies, management organizations, and similar organizations, and (3) that implemented by administrative agencies such as the state and local governments. It can be said that the mainstream of workers' education is (1) independent educational movements by workers themselves.

Public education in capitalist societies is easily subordinated to power. Furthermore, worker education by companies and management groups has a strong tendency to distort and belittle the perception of society and the role of workers' political parties and labor unions. This is why there is a reason and necessity for worker groups to take the lead in developing an independent education movement on topics such as the right to organize, the right to collective bargaining, the right to collective action, wages, working hours, employment and unemployment, worker protection, accidents, occupational diseases, theories of labor union movement, and theories of liberation of the working class. This independent worker education is centered on labor unions in countries such as France and Italy, which have powerful class-based and democratic national centers such as the General Confederation of Labor (abbreviated CGT or CGT) and the General Confederation of Italian Labor (abbreviated CGIL or CIGIL). In addition, the AFL-CIO (American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Unions) runs eight seminars to train activists, including Union Summer, which trains students to become potential activists at its organizational office. In addition, the George Minnie Center, an affiliated research institute of the AFL-CIO, conducts and organizes training for union leaders, offering 11 courses in subjects including labor law.

In Japan, the Japanese Trade Union Confederation (RENGO) has launched the Rengo Academy Master Course, Specialized Course, and Seminar Course through its affiliated Education and Culture Association, in an effort to improve the quality of leaders and officials. The National Trade Union Confederation (Zenroren) is also considering establishing its own unique "learning and education system" in addition to organizing students of the "Workers' Correspondence University" (basic course, labor union course) run by the Workers' Education Association (established in 1952), which has a long track record. In addition, the "Labor University" course run by the Socialist Association, a former affiliate of the Socialist Party, is continuing.

[Tokita Yoshihisa]

"History of Osaka Labor School: The Footprints of Independent Labor Education" edited by the Ohara Institute for Social Research, Hosei University (1982, Hosei University Press) " "Workers' Education in Modern Britain" (1992, Japan Institute for Labor Policy and Training)

[References] | AFL-CIO | Italian Confederation of Labor | National Trade Union Confederation | National Center | Japanese Trade Union Confederation | French Confederation of Labor

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

公的教育機関によるいわゆる学校教育の校外への延長として、主として賃金労働者を対象として行われる教育をいう。労働者教育は、それを実施する主体によって、(1)労働組合、労働者教育団体、労働者政党など、労働者階級の自主的な組織によって実施されるもの、(2)企業、経営者団体およびその類似組織によって実施されるもの、(3)国、地方自治体など行政機関によって実施されるもの、に大別される。労働者教育の主流は、(1)の労働者自身による自主的な教育運動である、といってよいであろう。

 資本主義社会での公教育は権力に従属しやすい。また企業や経営者団体による労働者教育は、社会に対する認識や労働者政党・労働組合の役割を歪曲(わいきょく)し軽視する傾向が強い。ここに労働者団体が中心となって、団結権、団体交渉権、団体行動権、賃金、労働時間、雇用・失業、労働者保護、災害、職業病、労働組合運動の理論、労働者階級の解放理論など、自主的な教育運動を発展させる根拠と必然性がある。この自主的な労働者教育は、フランス労働総同盟(略称CGT=セージェーテー)、イタリア労働総同盟(略称CGIL=チジル)など強力な階級的・民主的ナショナル・センターを擁するフランスやイタリアなどでは、労働組合が中心となっている。また、AFL-CIO(アメリカ労働総同盟・産業別組合会議)では、組織局で学生を対象に活動家候補者を育成するユニオン・サマーを含め、活動家養成のための八つのセミナーを運営している。さらに、AFL-CIOの外郭研究機関であるジョージ・ミニー・センターでも、組合幹部養成のための研修を実施、組織化し、労働法など11のコースが開設されている。

 日本では、日本労働組合総連合会(連合)は、外郭の教育文化協会によってRengoアカデミーのマスターコース、専門コース、セミナーコースを発足させ、リーダー、役職員の素質向上を図ろうとしている。また、全国労働組合総連合(全労連)では、長い実績をもつ労働者教育協会(1952年創立)の「勤労者通信大学」(基礎コース、労働組合コース)の受講生の組織化と合わせて、さらに独自の「学習・教育体系」の確立に向けた検討が進められている。このほか旧社会党系の社会主義協会による「労働大学」講座も持続されている。

[戸木田嘉久]

『法政大学大原社会問題研究所編『大阪労働学校史 独立労働者教育の足跡』(1982・法政大学出版局)』『『現代イギリスの労働者教育』(1992・日本労働研究機構)』

[参照項目] | AFL-CIO | イタリア労働総同盟 | 全国労働組合総連合 | ナショナル・センター | 日本労働組合総連合会 | フランス労働総同盟

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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