It is also called farsightedness. The elasticity of the crystalline lens, which focuses the eye, decreases with age, making it difficult to focus on nearby objects and making it hard to see. In a camera, the lens moves back and forth to focus, but the crystalline lens focuses by changing the curvature of its front surface. That is, when looking at something far away, the crystalline lens becomes thinner, and when looking at something close, it becomes thicker. This function is called accommodation. The distance in front of the eye at which the eye can focus is called the near point of accommodation, which can be used to express the degree of accommodation, or the power of accommodation. This power of accommodation gradually weakens from a fairly young age, and after the age of 40, the near point of accommodation approaches 30 centimeters. In other words, when the eye becomes difficult to focus on objects close to the eye after the age of 40, this is the beginning of farsightedness. When this condition occurs, glasses with convex lenses are worn to compensate for the lack of accommodation. Such glasses are called reading glasses or reading glasses. Whether you have myopia or hyperopia, the loss of your accommodative power with age occurs just as it does with normal vision, but the strength of your reading glasses will be weaker for myopia and stronger for hyperopia, depending on the glasses you normally wear. In myopia, removing your myopic glasses can sometimes have the same effect as wearing reading glasses. The first symptoms of presbyopia are that it takes longer to focus when you look at something close and then suddenly move your gaze to a distant object, and that it becomes difficult to read small print in dim light. If you reach this stage, it is best for your eyes to start using reading glasses without hesitation, and you should then increase the strength of your reading glasses about once every three years. However, once you reach the age of 70, presbyopia stops progressing. [Mizuo Matsui] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
老視ともいう。目の焦点(ピント)合せを行っている水晶体の弾力性は年齢とともに低下してくるため、近くのものにピントが合わせにくくなって見にくくなった状態が老眼である。カメラではレンズが前後に移動してピントを合わせるが、水晶体は前面の曲率を変えることによってピント合せを行っている。すなわち、遠方を見るときには水晶体は薄くなり、近くを見るときには厚くなる。この働きは調節作用とよばれる。目の前どのくらい近くまでピント合せができるかという距離を調節近点といい、これによって調節作用の程度、すなわち調節力を表すことができる。この調節力はかなり若いうちからしだいに弱くなり、40歳を過ぎると調節近点は30センチメートルに近づいてくる。すなわち、40歳を過ぎて目の近くにあるものにピント合せができにくくなってくるのが、老眼の始まりである。このような状態になると、凸レンズの眼鏡をかけて調節力の不足を補うことになる。このような眼鏡が老眼鏡、あるいは読書眼鏡である。近視でも遠視でも、この調節力の年齢による低下は正視と同様におこってくるが、普段使っている眼鏡との関係で、実際に使う老眼鏡の度は近視では弱く、遠視では強くなる。近視では近視鏡を外すと、老眼鏡をかけたのと同じ効果が得られることもある。 老眼が始まったときに出てくる症状は、まず近くのものを見ていて急に遠方のものに視線を移したときにピントが合うのに時間がかかるようになることと、薄暗いところで細かい字が読みにくくなるということである。このような状態になったら、ためらわずに老眼鏡を使いだすのが目のためによく、またその後は3年に1回くらい老眼鏡の度を強めていく必要がある。しかし、70歳を過ぎると老眼が進行することもなくなる。 [松井瑞夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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