Reporter - Kokushi

Japanese: 告子 - こくし
Reporter - Kokushi

Years of birth and death unknown. A Chinese thinker in the Warring States period. As he was a contemporary of Mencius, he is assumed to have lived around the 4th century BC, but his detailed career is unknown. He is especially remembered for his debate with Mencius over human nature. In response to Mencius's theory that human nature is good, Gaozi argued that human nature is simply something we are born with, and that good and evil are not inherent. The content of this debate appears in the first chapter of the "Gaozi" section of the Mencius. Gaozi also advocated the theory that benevolence is within the heart, but righteousness is outside the heart, and was criticized by Mencius for benevolence and righteousness being both within the heart. However, Gaozi did not deny benevolence and righteousness, and for this reason some say he was a Confucian scholar.

[Kenjiro Tsuchida December 14, 2015]

"Katsuhito Kobayashi's translation and annotated version of Mencius, volumes 1 and 2 (Iwanami Bunko)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生没年不詳。中国、戦国時代の思想家。孟子(もうし)と同時代人であることから紀元前4世紀ごろの人と推測されるが、詳しい経歴は不明。彼の名は、人の性をめぐる孟子との論争によってとくに記憶されている。告子は孟子の性善説に対して、人の性とは単なる生まれつきのことで、善悪が固有するものではないと主張した。その論争の内容は『孟子』の「告子」上篇(へん)にみえる。なお告子は、仁内義外(じんないぎがい)説(仁は心の内にあるが義は心の外にある)を唱え、仁義ともに心の内にあるとする孟子に批判された。しかし告子は仁と義を否定してはいないのであって、そのことから彼を儒者とみなす説もある。

[土田健次郎 2015年12月14日]

『小林勝人訳注『孟子』上下(岩波文庫)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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