This refers to paddy fields in which active iron (free iron oxide), manganese, silica, and bases are strongly dissolved from the topsoil layer by reduction and lost to the lower layer. This is often seen in dry paddy fields whose parent material is acidic rock or sandstone, has a low clay content, and has good permeability. This is one of the main generative processes of paddy field soil, and is called the aging process. Paddy rice grown in such soil shows vigorous growth in the early growth period, but in the later growth period, its growth rapidly deteriorates, and it shows the so-called "autumn fall" phenomenon. This is due to the harmful effects of harmful substances, especially hydrogen sulfide, that are generated in the soil along with the aforementioned lack of nutrients and rising soil temperature. In normal paddy soil with sufficient free iron oxide, hydrogen sulfide becomes harmless as it becomes iron sulfide, but in aged paddy fields with little free iron oxide, hydrogen sulfide directly damages the roots of the rice. Therefore, methods of improving the condition include adding red mountain soil that is rich in iron, adding iron-containing materials, and deep plowing to return the iron from the lower layer to the surface. In terms of cultivation, the use of sulfate-free fertilizers and top dressing for later nutrition are effective. [Yuki Koyama] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
水田の作土層から活性の鉄(遊離酸化鉄)やマンガン、ケイ酸、塩基類が還元により強度に溶出して下層に失われた水田のことをいう。母材が酸性岩や砂岩などに由来し、粘土含量が少なく、透水性のよい乾田に多くみられる。これは水田土壌の主要な生成作用の一つであり、老朽化作用とよばれる。このような土壌に栽培される水稲は、生育の前期こそ旺盛(おうせい)な生育を示すが、後期になると急激に生育が悪くなり、いわゆる「秋落ち」現象を示す。これは、前述の養分の不足と地温上昇とともに、土壌中に発生してくる有害物質、とくに硫化水素の害作用による。硫化水素は、遊離酸化鉄が十分にある普通の水田土壌では硫化鉄となって無害となるが、遊離酸化鉄の少ない老朽化水田では硫化水素が直接水稲の根を傷める。したがってその改良法としては、鉄の多い山赤土の客土、含鉄資材の投入、深耕により下層の鉄を表層に戻すことなどが行われる。また栽培的には、無硫酸根肥料の使用、後期栄養のための追肥が有効である。 [小山雄生] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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